The only person to win both the Oscar and the Nobel Prize is George Bernard Shaw. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1925 and an Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay in 1938.

The Aufbau principle states that electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first before moving to higher energy levels, while the Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers. In simpler terms, the Aufbau principle guides the order in which electrons are added to orbitals, while the Pauli exclusion principle limits the number of electrons that can occupy a single orbital.

In 1903, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie, and Pierre Curie for their research on radiation phenomena. Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity, while Marie and Pierre Curie conducted pioneering research on the phenomenon.

Marie Curie is the only individual to have been awarded Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields - Physics in 1903 (shared with Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel) and Chemistry in 1911.

The 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics was shared by Pierre Curie, Marie Curie, and Antoine Henri Becquerel for their discoveries in the field of radioactivity.

Marie Curie won her first Nobel Prize in 1903.

Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, used his earnings to establish the Nobel Prizes in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. The Nobel Peace Prize specifically promotes world accord by recognizing individuals or organizations who have made significant contributions to fostering peace and resolving conflicts.

Jagadish Chandra Bose was a scientist who made significant contributions in the field of plant biology and physics. He is known for inventing the crescograph, a device that measures plant growth. Bose's research on the response of plants to various stimuli laid the groundwork for the science of plant bioelectricity.

Abdus Salam, a Pakistani theoretical physicist, was the first Muslim to win the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979 for his contribution to electroweak unification.

Richard F. Heck won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2010 for his work on the development of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. These reactions are widely used in organic chemistry to create complex molecules efficiently, which has had a significant impact on the field of drug discovery and materials science.

Thomas A. Steitz won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2009 for his work on the structure and function of the ribosome, a fundamental component of protein synthesis in cells. His research provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms that drive protein production, leading to advances in drug development and understanding of genetic diseases.

Roger D. Kornberg won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2006 for his studies on the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription. He elucidated the process by which genetic information stored in DNA is copied into RNA and contributed significantly to our understanding of gene expression.

Richard R. Schrock won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2005 for his work on the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis. This method allows for the efficient and environmentally friendly production of complex molecules, which has had a significant impact on the fields of pharmaceuticals, materials science, and biotechnology.

John A. Pople won The Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1998 for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry. These methods revolutionized the way scientists could predict and understand molecular structures and reactions, leading to significant advancements in the field of chemistry.

Paul D. Boyer won The Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1997 for his contributions in elucidating the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). His work provided significant insights into the fundamental processes of energy production in cells.

Michael Smith won The Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993 for his development of site-directed mutagenesis, a method that enables specific changes to be made in the DNA sequence of a gene. This technology has been essential for studying gene function and has had a major impact in various fields of biological research.

Paul Berg won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1980 for his pioneering work in developing recombinant DNA technology. His research allowed scientists to combine DNA from different sources, leading to the creation of genetically modified organisms and major advances in biotechnology and medicine.

Linus Carl Pauling won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances. His work laid the foundation for the modern understanding of molecular chemistry and contributed significantly to the fields of biology and medicine.

Harold Clayton Urey won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934 for his discovery of deuterium, a heavy isotope of hydrogen. This discovery revolutionized the field of chemistry and had significant implications for the understanding of atomic structure and chemical reactions.

Irving Langmuir won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1932 for his work in surface chemistry, specifically his studies of monolayer films and surface phenomena. His research on adsorption and surface reactions laid the foundation for understanding surface properties and catalysis.

Heinrich Otto Wieland won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1927 for his research on the composition of bile acids and related substances. His work greatly advanced the understanding of organic chemistry and biochemistry, particularly in the field of lipids and steroid chemistry.

Frederick Soddy won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for his work on the chemistry of radioactive substances and his discovery of isotopes. Soddy's research helped lay the foundation for the understanding of radioactivity and its implications for the field of chemistry.

Ernest Rutherford won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908 for his investigations into the disintegration of elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances. He is known for his discovery of the concept of radioactive half-life and distinguishing between alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.

Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1905 for his discovery of the relationships of the properties of acyclic and cyclic compounds. He made significant contributions to the development of organic chemistry through his work on the structure and synthesis of organic compounds like indigo and the dihydropyrone unit.

Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1901 for his discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions. His work laid the foundation for the field of physical chemistry.