Nobel Prize Winners

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984 was awarded jointly to Niels K. Jerne, Georges J.F. Kohler and Cesar Milstein for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies.

Barbara McClintock won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of mobile genetic elements called transposons in maize, which revolutionized the understanding of genetic regulation and gene expression. Her work showed that genes could change position on a chromosome, leading to diverse genetic outcomes, such as mutations and genetic diversity.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982 was awarded jointly to Sune K. Bergstrom, Bengt I. Samuelsson and John R. Vane for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982 was awarded jointly to Sune K. Bergstrom, Bengt I. Samuelsson and John R. Vane for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981 was divided, one half awarded to Roger W. Sperry for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres,the other half jointly to David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980 was awarded jointly to Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset and George D. Snell for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978 was awarded jointly to Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977 was divided, one half jointly to Roger Guillemin and Andrew V. Schally for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain and the other half to Rosalyn Yalow for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976 was awarded jointly to Baruch S. Blumberg and D. Carleton Gajdusek for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975 was awarded jointly to David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco and Howard Martin Temin for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975 was awarded jointly to David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco and Howard Martin Temin for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974 was awarded jointly to Albert Claude, Christian de Duve and George E. Palade for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969 was awarded jointly to Max Delbruck, Alfred D. Hershey and Salvador E. Luria for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969 was awarded jointly to Max Delbruck, Alfred D. Hershey and Salvador E. Luria for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966 was divided equally between Peyton Rous for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses and Charles Brenton Huggins for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966 was divided equally between Peyton Rous for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses and Charles Brenton Huggins for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963 was awarded jointly to Sir John Carew Eccles, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and Andrew Fielding Huxley for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 was awarded jointly to Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 was awarded jointly to Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material.

Peter Brian Medawar won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1960 for his discovery of acquired immunological tolerance, which revolutionized the understanding of the immune system and laid the foundation for organ transplantation. His research on immunological tolerance demonstrated how the body can accept foreign tissue without rejecting it, opening up new possibilities in transplantation medicine.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 was awarded jointly to Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 was awarded jointly to Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958 was divided, one half jointly to George Wells Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events and the other half to Joshua Lederberg for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958 was divided, one half jointly to George Wells Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events and the other half to Joshua Lederberg for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957 was awarded to Daniel Bovet for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles.