Popes

Pietro Angelerio (Celestine) was a monk and hermit. He was elected as pope against his wishes to end a two year impasse to choose a new pope. The first thing he did as pope was to issue an edict making it legal for a pope to abdicate. As Celestine had no experience managing he was totally overwhelmed as a pope and resigned to return to his simple life as a monk and hermit. However, his successor had him imprisoned and he died 9 months later.

A cathedra or bishop's throne is the seat of a Bishop.

On November 18, 1302, Pope Boniface VIII issued the Papal bull Unam Sanctam.

Pope
Cardinal
Archbishop
Bishop
Priest
Deacon

No, the catholic church made the role in 304 a.d. and made it official in the 11th century.

It is in the bible, Matthew 16:18:

And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it.

Here, Jesus claims Peter as the first pope. Although he was nominated Pope at this very moment, he would not become Pope until he established the church after Jesus's Ascension.

Note: Jesus created the Church, Peter simply founded or established it as an organization. See the Acts of Apostles for more details.

The Catholic formula of Absolution is: God the Father of mercies, through the death and resurrection of His Son, has reconciled the world to Himself and sent the Holy Spirit among us for the forgiveness of sins; through the ministry of the Church may God give you pardon and peace, and I absolve you from your sins in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. While it is usual for the whole formula to be used the essential part is in italics and can be used in an emergency.

the papal flag is the flag of vatican city. it has a tiara or the popes crown and 2 keys.

Yes, I saw him speak while I was in Rome, even though I don't speak the language or am catholic. I was there the day he was attacked! :)

Pius XII (1939-58)
John XXIII (1958-63)
Paul VI (1963-78)
John Paul I (August-September 1978)
John Paul II (1978- 2005)
Pope Benedict XVI (2005-2013)
Pope Francis (2013-)

Though we cannot know for sure, there were several reasons why Pope Leo III might have decided crowned Charlemagne.

Pole Leo was a commoner, who had risen from low state. Romans wanted a pope from the nobility, and actually attacked Leo, attempting to put out his eyes and tear out his tongue. He was rescued from this, but driven out of the city. Charlemagne gave him protection and reinstated him in Rome, settling the matter. So Leo may have felt he owed something to Charlemagne or that his position would be stronger if Charlemagne were seen as more important.

Another thing that might have motivated him was that the pope was traditionally protected by the East Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire). By crowning Charlemagne emperor of the West Roman Empire, Pope Leo was reducing Byzantine influence in Rome.

The West Roman Empire had never recovered from its fall in the fifth century. In crowning Charlemagne, Leo III may also have thought of his actions as renewing the old Roman Empire, as a step to reestablishing unified law, trade, and peace.

There are people who believe that the pope considered Empress Irene to be on the throne of the Byzantine Empire illegally because she was a woman. According to this view, he was crowning Charlemagne as emperor of the Byzantine Empire as well as the Carolingian Empire, and hoping to revive a united Roman Empire in this way.

Pope Pius XII was pope from 1939 to 1958.

Because the popes wanted independence from the emperor. The Byzantines controlled central Italy and Rome. Relations with the emperor were tense. The Bishops of Rome had gained quite a lot of autonomy, but they wanted full independence. They also wanted the independence of Roman Catholic Europe from the Byzantine Empire whose state religion was Orthodox Christianity.

Currently the permanent home of the Holy father is Vatican city, Rome. he lives in the apostolic palace there, this has been the home of the popes for centuries. though there were times when other palaces such as the Lateren palace were used..

they have what is called a conclave where the cardinals under the age of....80 I think are locked in the Sistine chapel and..."vote" they write the name of the cardinal who they think should be pope, this is done after lots of praying, on a square piece of paper and place it into a chalice, saying a special prayer, and sit back down, once all is done I think its three? cardinals read the pieces of paper one by one aloud, and then another cardinal puts the paper onto a needle and thread and once all have bee counted they burn the paper and thread, the cardinal with a 2/3 majority "vote" is now the pope

No Pope is obligated to change his name. This is a pious tradition (not Sacred Tradition). The practice arose when a pagan convert to Christianity became Pope and changed his name from Mercury (after the pagan Roman god) to John II in 533 C.E. Until then, the Popes kept their original names, from Peter (#1) to Boniface II (#55). Between John II (#56) and Sergius IV (#142) in 1009 C.E. only a few Popes changed their names. But since Sergius IV, it has been common practice for all Popes to change their name when elected pontiff except Adrian VI and Marcellus II. Pope Benedict XVI chose the name Benedict for several reasons. At his papal audience on April 27, 2005, he explained his motivations for adopting the name. "I want to call myself Benedict XVI to bind myself to the venerated Pope Benedict XV, who guided the church in a troubled period because of the First World War. He was a courageous and authentic prophet of peace and worked with valiant courage first to prevent the drama of war and then to limit its nefarious consequences. In his footsteps, I want to place my ministry at the service of reconciliation and harmony among individuals and peoples, deeply convinced that the great good of peace is, first of all, a gift of God, a fragile and precious gift to invoke, safeguard and build day after day with the help of everyone." Benedict XVI also said he chose the name to evoke the spirit of Saint Benedict, the founder of Western monasticism whose influence helped spread Christianity over Europe. "St. Benedict is very venerated in Germany, particularly in Bavaria, my homeland. He is a basic point of reference for the unity of Europe and a strong reminder of the undeniable Christian roots of its culture and civilization."

The first leader of the Church was Saint Peter. The name 'Pope', however, did not come into use until many years later.

Jesus Christ appointed Peter as the first leader of his Church when He said:

And Jesus answering, said to him: Blessed art thou, Simon Bar-Jona: because flesh and blood hath not revealed it to thee, but my Father who is in heaven. And I say to thee: That thou art Peter; and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. And I will give to thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven. And whatsoever thou shalt bind upon earth, it shall be bound also in heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose upon earth, it shall be loosed also in heaven. (Matthew Chapt. 16)

It's just Catholic, not Roman Catholic. Roman is an epithet first commonly used in England after the protestant revolt to describe the Catholic Church. It is never used by the official Catholic Church.

Pope Francis was born 17 December 1936, which means when I am writing this in May 2014 he is 77 years old.

When Otto I freed the Pope from the control of the Romans, he was named Holy Roman Emperor.

The first pope, St. Peter, one of the original apostles of Jesus Christ, was executed at Rome under Nero. The aprocryphal gospel of St. Peter declares that Peter was crucified upside down. Many of the early Church fathers support this account of Peter being martyred at Rome.

Peter is considered the first pope even though the term 'pope' did not come into common usage until much later. Whether Peter was in Jerusalem, Antioch, Rome or elsewhere, he is still considered the first pope. Later, as the Church grew and a hierarchy developed. the Church established its headquarters in Rome as Rome was considered the center of the world at the time. It had good roads reaching out to the vast empire as well as ships that plied the Mediterranean. Missionaries could reach anywhere in the known world from Rome. As the pope was the highest ranking Church authority in Rome, he was automatically consider the Bishop of Rome. From 1309 until 1377 popes reigned from Avignon in France. No matter, the pope was still the pope. Once the situation was resolved, the papacy returned to Rome and the pope again resumed his position as the Bishop of Rome along with his title of Pope. Even today, should Pope Francis make the unlikely decision to move the Church headquarters to, say, Buenos Aires, Argentina, he would still be Pope and the assigned Bishop of Rome would simply be the Bishop of Rome. The Pope would be the Bishop of Buenos Aires as well as pope of the Universal Church. The Church has ample evidence that Peter did rule from Rome at some time. But even if he had never stepped foot in the city, he was still the Pope. Being Bishop of Rome is not a prerequisite for the papacy. By default, if the pope is headquartered in Rome, he is also the bishop of that diocese.

For lists of the oldest popes at election and oldest popes at death, click on the link below.

The last married pope was Pope Adrian II (867-872). There have been 39 legitimate popes who were married, starting with St. Peter. There has even been one pope whose son later also became a pope. Pope Hormisdas (514-523) was the proud father of Pope Silverius (536-538).