Popes

Pope Gregory VII is one of the most interesting popes ever to have lived. He wanted total mastery, both spiritual and secular, over Europe. His objective was not so much about Church power but power for the papacy, and therefore himself. Gregory claimed supremacy over the secular authorities, with supreme legislative and judicial power, and the right to depose all princes and to have all Christians as his subjects. He also claimed what was then another innovation - the sole right to appoint bishops, with a council held in the Lateran in 1075 decreeing that the pope alone could appoint or depose churchmen or move them from see to see.

He was also the first pope in several centuries to attempt to rigorously enforce the Church's ancient policy of celibacy for the Catholic clergy, yet there is strong evidence that as pope, he had a mistress, the Countess Matilda. He attempted to organise a crusade into Spain and a military expedition to the Holy Land.

In 1074, Gregory wrote to Emperor Henry IV reproaching him for his conduct and telling him that like everybody else, he was bound to obey papal decrees. If Henry did not, he would have to suffer the consequences. Henry, furious at such insolence, summoned at Worms a synod of German bishops, who were themselves smarting under Gregory's dictates. The synod denounced Gregory as a usurper of the papacy and accused him of perjury, immorality of various kinds, and abuses of papal authority in the dioceses of Germany. It pronounced Gregory deposed, a sentence confirmed by bishops of Lombardy.

A few weeks later, Gregory held a synod in Rome, that excommunicated Henry and all the bishops who had sided with him, released Henry's vassals from their oath of fealty, and declared him deposed. Henry, placed on the defensive and with his throne endangered, had to agree to allow Gregory to come to Augsburg in Germany to settle the affair. Gregory accepted the invitation, set out but had difficulty getting through Lombardy because of the strong sentiment against him. Finding his passage to Germany blocked by the Lombards, Gregory accepted Henry's plea for forgiveness at Canossa, and Henry was able to return and present to his subjects his absolution as the definitive settlement of the affair.

Now feeling secure in Germany, Henry marched into Italy with his troops in 1081 and laid siege to Rome. In desperation Gregory appealed to the Normans. Henry's forces withdrew, without giving battle. The Normans had freed the city from the emperor but then looted and burnt at least a third of it. The result was one the worst sacks in the history of Rome, for which the Romans held Gregory responsible. He managed to get out of the city unscathed, though cursed, and made his way to Salerno where the Normans ensured his safety.

Gregory died in exile, defeated and powerless. He had achieved none of his main objectives, but brought about his own ruin. John W. O'Malley S.J. (A History of the Popes) says that no pope ever died hated by more people than Gregory VII.

Peter,being a Hebrew himself , was chosen or 'predestined' to be the cephas, or 'The Rock' upon which Christ Himself would build his church. Remember Christ the Bridegroom of the Bride, The Heavenly 'Church' in Glory and it is right that he is appointed by the Saviour of the New Church Himself, The lamb of God.

Cephas, 'the rock, is not only a rock by STATURE, but by his DEGREE OF FAITH itself!It is 'Faith which pleases God before ALL OTHER THINGS, as Jesus explicitly said to the apostles, 'Blessed are those who belive but have not yet seen'

Christ, the mediator and maker of ALL THINGS of including the Universe itself, was born before 'Time ITSELF BEGAN ' [See Genesis Chapt

• 1) and also is directly involved in the MAKING AND THE BUILDING of His own church.thus the Hebrew writer refers to Christ in this context as 'The Capstone', all things are built around this 'cornerstone of FAITH'.

It is on this universal and spiritual 'building material ' that Christ founds his church and begins the BUILDING BY FAITH , of His Bridegroom.

If King David of the Old Testament was the 'kingly image' of Christ the king with human failings, then Peter, the denying apostle , is the similar type in the New Tesatment of how God will build, through His Christ, a New testament ecclesiastical structure.

This message contains both the mystical faith given by God alone to His true church and the foundations of a Glorifying hope for ALL New Testament believers.

The Hebrew Writer attests to this in a further historical but non ecclesiastical lineage in Chapter 11 of his Letter. [by Ray Shankland]

He was still the pope.

The Roman Curia.

No, Martin Luther threw 7 books out of the Bible because they contained information with which he disagreed.

The Pope is head of the sovereign city-state called the Vatican, a kind of city-country in the middle of Italy, but does not own it. Much like the President of the United States, who lives and works in the White House, the Pope lives and works in the Papal Apartments, which consists of about 10 rooms at the Vatican.

nihil ob·stat (nē′hil ō̂b′stät) noun # R.C.Ch. a printed phrase, followed by the name of an officially appointed censor, indicating that the publication carrying the phrase has been examined and judged free of doctrinal or moral error

No, it is not a requirement.

Couple problems with your question, there is no Roman Catholic Church, to begin with. It's just Catholic, not Roman Catholic. Roman is an epithet first commonly used in England after the protestant revolt to describe the Catholic Church. It is never used by the official Catholic Church. Secondly, Kosher is a system of laws and regulations to regulate food and eating for Observant Jews, not Catholics. The Kosher laws are found in the Pentateuch, the first five books of the Bible. Of the 613 laws in the Pentateuch, the moral laws are binding on all humanity for all time. The ceremonial laws (of which the Kosher laws are a prime example) were to foreshadow the coming of the Messiah. To obey any of the ceremonial laws of the Old Testament then would be to say that you don't believe that Christ has arrived in the person of Jesus, and would therefore be a mortal sin. St. Paul covered this in his letter to the Galatians, in this he refers to the ceremonial laws of the Old Testament as the "Works of the Law" as understood by all Jewish rabbis and enshrined in later Talmudic Judaism. So, no, the Pope did not get rid of eating Kosher all year long, Jesus Christ, followed by St. Paul did.

The proceedings of a conclave are secret, including the number of votes received by a candidate.
Once a vote has been counted, the old ballots are burned so that they cannot get accidentally mixed in with new ballots from the next vote. And if the vote is the last one, which elects a Pope, then burning the ballots preserves the secrecy of the vote. If a Pope knew how the cardinals voted, that could result in some form of favoritism.

Pope Constantine died on 715-04-09.

An encyclical is a letter from the Pope to the whole Church, usually dealing with matters of faith and the Christian life.

The Pope is the official head of the Roman Catholic Church, so that is "his" church.

The Holy Father would and has several fundrasiers ongoing through out the world and depends on the grace of God to provide for His missions. he would not sell a gold candle stick though.

All of the pope's names starting with the letter "A: are: * Adeodatus * Adrian I, II, III, IV, V, and VI * Agapetus I and II * Agatho * Alexander I, II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII * Anacletus * Anastasius I, II, III, and IV * Anicetus * Anterus

In 1309, Pope Clement V moved the Roman Catholic Papacy to Avignon in Provence France. From 1309 until 1377, seven Popes reigned in Avignon before the Schism between the Roman and Avignon churches, which led to the creation of rival popes in both places. After that three Antipopes reigned in Avignon until 1423, when the Papacy finally returned to Rome.

The pope has always been a male, so there is no gender specific noun for a female pope.

There is a legend of a "Pope Joan" holding office during the middle ages. The legend uses the noun "pope".

You confuse Leo III (the Byzantine Emperor), who banned icons, with Pope Leo the Great (or the first), who defended them!

Both of these parties wanted to be in control. They thought they should be the head and didn't like each other.

Catholic Answer
Although there is some confusion as to whether he was the 3rd or 4th leader of the Catholic faith, tradition holds that he died as a martyr. Some early documents state that Cletus and Anacletus were one and the same while other sources state that they were two distinct individuals.

We know nothing certain about Pope Cletus (also known as Anacletus or Anencletus) and can not even be sure whether a person of that name ever lived. Francis A. Sullivan SJ (From Apostles to Bishops) says that most scholars are of the opinion that, in spite of Church tradition, the church of Rome was led by a group of presbyters, and that bishops were not appointed to the church in Rome until later in the second century. In other words, there can have been no Pope Anacletus, although it is possible there was a presbyter of than name. The Catholic Church assumes Pope St. Cletus was a martyr.

There have been 8 popes called Urban.

• You could hurt yourself while making a fool of yourself.
• It keeps you from making a fool of yourself.
• It builds self-respect.
• It keeps you from making bad choices in people.
• It builds moral.
• It builds respect of others.
• Makes you think twice.
• Makes you think about ethics.
• Keeps you from making bad choices in general.
• It keeps depression from breaking you.