Renaissance

The French essayist Michel de Montaigne criticized intolerance and cruelty in the 1500s through his works such as "Essays." He advocated for tolerance, acceptance of diversity, and empathizing with differing perspectives.

Renaissance thinkers looked to ancient Greek and Roman cultures for inspiration. They studied classical works of literature, art, and philosophy in order to revive the humanist ideals of individualism, rationality, and creativity. This cultural revival ultimately contributed to the intellectual and artistic flowering of the Renaissance period.

A rebirth of classical learning refers to a revival or resurgence of interest in the study of ancient Greek and Roman literature, philosophy, and art. This revival often involves a renewed focus on the values, ideals, and intellectual pursuits of the classical period, leading to an appreciation for the wisdom and knowledge of ancient civilizations.

Some major issues during the Renaissance included political conflicts among city-states and monarchs, religious tensions stemming from the Protestant Reformation, economic disparities leading to social unrest, and challenges to traditional beliefs and authority. These issues had profound effects on the development of art, literature, and society during this period.

He was one of the greatest scholars of the renaissance time. Erasmus contributed to the Renaissance by revising ancient works and translating them into Greek and Latin such as the Bible. Erasmus also contributed to the Reformation by calling for reform in the Church through his various satirical works. He was a prolific writer and exerted such great influence during his time that he was called "The Prince of the Humanists." When Erasmus was send to Paris, he was not impressed with their educational system. It was based largely on scholasticism, a philosophy that tried to reduce religious belief to logical analysis. Being a devoted Christian, Erasmus decided to spend some time traveling through France and the Netherlands. Beginning in 1499, Erasmus moved from city to city working as a tutor and lecturer, constantly searching out ancient manuscripts and writing. He supported education to a great extent.

Yes, competition between city-states in Italy during the Renaissance contributed to the flourishing of art, commerce, and ideas. Cities like Florence and Venice were competitive both economically and culturally, leading to a drive for artistic innovation and intellectual enlightenment. This dynamic environment fueled creativity and contributed to the Renaissance's cultural achievements.

1. Emphasis on individualism and humanism in art and literature.
2. Renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman works.
3. Growth of cities and the rise of a merchant class.
4. Exploration and scientific advancements.

The Renaissance affects us today in any number of ways. These include:

1. Thought: old doctrinal and dogmatic ideas, usually promulgated by the Roman Catholic Church were challenged by the likes of Gallileo, Leonardo Da Vinci, Tycho Brahe, Giordano Bruno, and Vincenzio Viviani. Not just science, but whole areas of thought, exploration and endeavour were opened up by great minds like these, some of whom were ruthlessly persecuted or killed for simply challenging the old order.

2. Art: Great strides were made in art, especially as regards perspective, techniques of painting (including the common use of oil paints), sculpture (some of which was a rediscovery) and the purposes of art. No longer was art the province of religion, it became an entertainment, a pleasure and an aspiration as well as an inspiration.

3. Science. Need I say more than that this period ushered in many of the ideas, principals and lines of inquiry that have led us to where we are today?

4. Communication: the printing press gradually spread throughout Europe and led, eventually, to more information being disseminated, and greater levels of literacy. The printing press is also credited with forcing the old ways of having most books in Latin done away with. Vernacular publications, of both religious and other texts, came from this, further increasing literacy and learning.

5. Exploration. For many reasons, Europeans spread across the globe during this period. By the end of the Rennaissance, no part of the world was left untouched, if not settled and colonised (some of this came later). The map of the world was nearing completion by the end of the Rennaissance, even if much was still to be explored until pretty much the present day.

6. Government and social organisation were also extensively developed during this period, including ideas of democracy, gradual diminution of the "divine right of kings", and great strides were made to foster long-range commerce.

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1. Humanism, which emphasized the value of human potential, creativity, and individualism.
2. Secularism, which focused on knowledge and learning outside of religious teachings.
3. Emphasis on the arts, literature, and sciences, promoting a broader range of subjects beyond traditional theological studies.

The humanist movement placed a greater emphasis on individual potential, critical thinking, and human experience during the Renaissance period. It played a key role in shifting focus from religious doctrine to human values, contributing to advancements in art, literature, and education. Humanism also paved the way for the Enlightenment by promoting scientific inquiry and rational thought.

Women in noble families helped spread Renaissance ideas by hosting salons and gatherings where intellectuals, artists, and thinkers would discuss and share their ideas. They also supported the arts by commissioning and patronizing artworks that reflected humanist values and ideals. Additionally, some noblewomen themselves were educated and influential figures who promoted the study of literature, philosophy, and science among their peers.

Prior to the Renaissance, there were significant restrictions to what a person could say that challenged the primary authorities of the time. Those authorities were the king and the Catholics.

The Renaissance was a concerted (and often underground) effort by scientists, artists, and philosophers to acknowledge that official dogma is often wrong. It was the introduction of skepticism to a population of Europe that had been blindly following the instructions of the church under pain of death or excommunication -- a state in which the invisible man in the sky refuses to hug or acknowledge you.

Humanist scholars were intellectuals during the Renaissance who focused on the study of classical texts, languages, and history. They emphasized human potential and achievements, and promoted the revival of classical learning and wisdom. Their work contributed to a greater emphasis on individualism, critical thinking, and a broader education beyond religious dogma.

Renaissance humanists studied a wide range of subjects, including classical literature, history, philosophy, art, and languages such as Latin and Greek. They believed in the importance of studying ancient texts to gain wisdom and insight into human nature and society. Their interdisciplinary approach to learning helped shape the intellectual landscape of the Renaissance period.

Lyon and Geneva were both important centers of banking, trade, and printing during the Renaissance. They were also key hubs for the spread of humanist ideas and Protestant Reformation, which were significant cultural and intellectual movements of the time. In contrast, Paris was more focused on royal power and courtly culture, making Lyon and Geneva more similar in their Renaissance characteristics.

Positive effects of the Renaissance of Confucianism during the Tang-Song era include increased emphasis on ethical conduct and social harmony, fostering a sense of cultural identity and unity. However, negative effects can include the reinforcement of social hierarchy and discrimination against groups deemed outside the Confucian moral framework, such as women and non-Confucian scholars.

It was a good thing and a bad thing because the renaissance brought new ideas to the modern world and it advanced and it still exists today. The bad thing was that people such as humanists believed hat science was more important to the society than religion because Nicalous Copernicus and Galileo Galilee roved that the earth actually revolves around the sun; this was supported by the geocentric theory. For proving these correct facts Galileo was kicked out of the church. Another bad thing was that more and more people left Christianity because science was telling more dependent acts. As you notice in the Middle Ages were more religious nd had crosses on paintings but now in the renaissance most of the paintings were more realistic and more nude but still had the idea of religion because of the angels and Jesus Christ; e.g. Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci.

So I'll let you decide which side you want to take, hope this helped

By: Ibroxim Zokirov

People sought knowledge during the Renaissance to understand the world around them better, advance scientific and technological understanding, question traditional beliefs, and strive for personal growth and enrichment. The era valued individualism, curiosity, and critical thinking, leading to a thirst for knowledge in various fields such as art, science, philosophy, and literature.

First we have to know what a humanist is,a humanist is a person concern with with human problems who believed in man's ability to improve himself by using reason,so a humanist ideals will be the improvement of human life in general,distinguishing that which concern man and God,and how man uses his reasoning ability.

On a lesser scale perhaps. But the concentration of wealth within the cities was what financed the Renaissance, as it did with empires throughout history. An agrarian society would not have enough money to waste on sculpting, or art for art's sake.

The spirit of questioning old beliefs and forming new opinions is generally described as critical thinking or intellectual curiosity. It involves examining assumptions, seeking evidence, and being open to alternative perspectives in order to develop a deeper understanding of the world.

The growth of city-states during the Renaissance led to increased wealth and patronage of the arts, fostering a flourishing cultural environment. City-states like Florence and Venice became centers of artistic and intellectual innovation, attracting artists, scholars, and thinkers from across Europe. This competitive and cosmopolitan atmosphere contributed to the development of new ideas and artistic forms during the Renaissance.

The humanist movement arose from the study of classical texts and ideas from ancient Greece and Rome. Humanists believed in the importance of studying and emulating the values and knowledge of these civilizations to bring about personal and societal improvement.

Humanists believed that rhetoric was an important skill because they saw it as a means to persuade and influence others effectively. They viewed mastery of rhetoric as vital for promoting classical learning and advancing their ideas in society through persuasive communication. Additionally, humanists believed that rhetoric was essential for fostering critical thinking and civic engagement among individuals.

They belived that pepole had the right to think and learn for themselves,they also belived that by learning and studying well make a better world. And at thhe end i well like to say thanks Allah for making me find the answer and write it for you guys and thank you.