Romanticism (Romantic Era)

Romanticism is largely identified with expressive, emotional, and imaginative writing that focuses on nature, individualism, and the power of the human spirit. It often features themes of love, inspiration, and the supernatural, and values emotion over reason.

focused on expressing deep emotions, using rich harmony and expansive forms in their music. They often drew inspiration from folk melodies, nature, and historical events to create evocative and expressive compositions. Key figures of this movement include Brahms, Tchaikovsky, and Dvořák.

The idea that is central to both modernism and romanticism is the celebration of individuality and subjective experience. Both movements reject traditional norms and explore themes of self-expression, emotion, and personal vision in their respective art forms.

1. Emphasis on individualism and self-expression.
2. Focus on emotions and feelings over reason and logic.
3. Appreciation of nature and the sublime.
4. Celebration of imagination and creativity.
5. Critique of industrialization and urbanization.

A. The emphasis on being alone and observing nature directly .

Romanticism is the literary movement characterized by a celebration of the individual's imagination and emotion, a preference for wild and untamed nature, and an attempt to reconcile opposites. Romantic poets and writers often focused on personal freedom, emotional expression, and the beauty of the natural world.

Transcendentalism is a literary movement that explores order and balance in nature. Prominent Transcendentalist writers, such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, emphasize the connection between nature and spirituality, advocating for a harmonious relationship between humans and the natural world. Their works often highlight the beauty and order found in nature, promoting a sense of balance and interconnectedness.

One important late romantic composer who responded to the unbridled emotionalism of romanticism with a return to Viennese classicism was Johannes Brahms. He sought to combine the rich harmonies and emotional depth of the Romantic era with the structural clarity and formal balance of the Classical period in his compositions.

The wonder in Romanticism can be found in its celebration of nature, beauty, and emotion. Romanticism values the individual experience and seeks to evoke a sense of awe and inspiration in the world around us, exploring themes of love, passion, and the infinite possibilities of the human spirit. Through its emphasis on imagination and creativity, Romanticism invites us to see the world in a new and enchanting light.

Romanticism was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that emphasized emotion, individualism, and nature. It rejected the rationalism of the Enlightenment and celebrated the beauty of the natural world, the power of the imagination, and the importance of human emotions and experiences.

The Age of Romanticism was characterized by a renewal of interest in nature, emotion, and individual expression. While poetry played a significant role during this period with poets like Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, and Shelley, the movement also encompassed other forms of art and literature that reflected the romantic ideals of imagination and creativity.

Romanticism is a literary movement that emphasizes emotions, nature, and imagination, often focusing on the individual self and personal experience. Metaphysical poetry, on the other hand, is characterized by intellectual and philosophical exploration, complex metaphors, and often delves into themes like love, religion, and existence. While both can involve introspection and emotion, metaphysical poetry tends to be more intellectually rigorous and abstract in its exploration of ideas.

The term "Romanticism" was first coined by German writers and philosophers in the late 18th century to describe a cultural movement characterized by an emphasis on emotion, individualism, and nature.

The Gothic era influenced Romantic poets by inspiring themes of mystery, the supernatural, and the sublime in their poetry. Poets like Wordsworth, Byron, and Coleridge drew upon Gothic elements such as ruins, darkness, and the unknown to evoke intense emotions and explore the depths of the human experience in their works.

During the Romantic era, women composers faced challenges such as limited access to music education, societal expectations that prioritized domestic roles over pursuing a career in music, and discrimination in the male-dominated music industry. They often had to overcome these obstacles to have their works recognized and performed.

Some weaknesses of realism include its focus on power dynamics and state interests, which can lead to a narrow view of international relations that overlooks other factors such as ideology, culture, and non-state actors. Realism also tends to prioritize stability and security over human rights and ethical considerations, which can be seen as a limitation in addressing complex global challenges. Additionally, the assumption of states as unitary actors with clear preferences and capabilities may oversimplify the complexities of decision-making processes in international relations.

The 5 I's of American Romanticism are Imagination, Intuition, Individualism, Idealism, and Inspiration. These core principles highlight the movement's focus on emotions, nature, and the individual's unique experiences and perspectives.

Romanticism focused on expressing emotions and individualism, with an emphasis on nature, imagination, and the supernatural. Symbolism, on the other hand, sought to convey deeper truths and meanings through symbols and metaphors, often exploring the subconscious mind and the mysteries of the human experience.

John Keats is often referred to as the "Bell-ringer of Romanticism" in English literature due to his profound and emotive poetry that captured the essence of the Romantic movement. His works, such as "Ode to a Nightingale" and "Ode on a Grecian Urn," are celebrated for their lyrical beauty and exploration of themes like nature, beauty, and mortality.

Bright romanticism expressed feelings of joy, enthusiasm, passion, and optimism. It celebrated individualism, nature, and emotions, focusing on the beauty and wonder of the world. It often sought to awaken a sense of awe and inspiration in the audience.

During the Romantic era, people's view of nature shifted to emphasize its beauty, power, and spiritual connection. Nature was no longer seen as just a resource for human use, but as a source of inspiration, mystery, and wonder. Romantic writers and artists celebrated nature's sublime qualities and sought to experience a deeper, more personal connection with the natural world.

Romanticism was a time period between the 1770s and the 1840's.

The Neo-Classicism Period (between 1660s and 1770s) is contrasted to the Romantic Era through the main ideas or authority, ideals and language.

Ideas of the Romantic Era include:

- Being ruled by emotions.

- Youth and free speech valued.

- The belief in natural rights and social justice.

- Emotionally drive literature with tragic themes and eccentric, passionate and rebellious character.

- The universe was seen as mysterious and ruled by hidden, supernatural powers.

- Passionate language used.

The few listed above are some of many ideas the people in living in the Romantic Period believed.

The Romantic Movement was a movement against the Enlightment. The Enlightment was focused on logic, or logos. The Romantic Movement, however, rejected logic and reason to guide decisions, and instead used lexis, or emotions to base decisions.

The Romantic period has often been referred to as the 'golden age of the virtuoso'. Pieces were often difficult and were performed on pianos which had become bigger, stronger and louder and which could fill a concert hall with sound.

The emotional range of music as now much widened. romantic composers wee more interested in shouting their personal triumphs and expressing their innermost feelings than in formal structure.

Tonal language was more daring, with sudden modulations and increasing use of unrelated keys. Harmonies were often rich and ark, involving pointed dissonances to suggest inner turmoil, anguish and tension.

Melody: Lyrical, cantabile and deeply expressive

Harmony: Moving away from the restrictions of the classical era; including chromaticism and dissonances; modulations to unrelated keys.

Rhythm: Tempo changes more frequent, rubato often employed

Dynamics: Full range of dynamics used to express the essentially emotional nature of the music

Phrasing: Longer, often irregular phrases

Form: Structure and form far less important than the emotional content; shorter pieces more popular

Texture: Dense but almost homophonic texture; focus on harmony and melody; almost no polyphony

Interpretation: Emotional and expressive playing required. Movement away from the 'polite' performances of the preceding Classical Era.

Poets often look back to the past for romanticism because it can evoke nostalgia and a sense of longing for simpler or more idealized times. Drawing inspiration from history allows poets to explore universal themes of love, beauty, and emotion in a way that feels timeless and relatable to readers. Additionally, by revisiting the past, poets can infuse their work with a sense of historicity and cultural richness.