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Rowboats and Rafts
Rowboats are either steel or wooden hulled watercraft. A raft is a flat structure for transportation over water and is supported by buoyant materials such as barrels or rubber tubing. Both are propelled by oars or paddles.
322 Questions
What is a name for a small rowing boat?
Well, if you're talking sweeping, then a pair is as small as it gets (2 people, one oar each). To get bigger, there are fours (four people, one oar each) and eights (eight people, one oar each)
But it you're sculling, then you can have a single (one person, two oars), a double (two people, two oars each), or a quad (four people, two oars each).
Most of the dictionaries refer to an oarsman (oarsmen) as a person who rows, especially as a member of a team. However, one dictionary did provide the terms oarsman, oarswoman.
1. Excavation of the soil up to required depth.
2. Ramming the foundation bed.
3. Cutting the concrete over the reinforcement.
4. Laying the reinforcement over the the foundation bed.
5. Pouring the cement concrete over the reinforcement.
Depends on the year and state of purchase. Most older boats came without titles. When you register it into your name the state will issue you a new title.
What are the risks of rafting?
The risks of rafting are similar to any outdoor sport and can be mitigated through careful technique and proper training. To understand the risks, you must first understand the sport.
The Nature of RaftingYou can go rafting on large volume rivers, small creeks, and even reservoirs. You can choose to participate in thrilling, class V whitewater trips, or stay on flatwater and just enjoy the scenery and fishing opportunities. Either way, you will probably be in a remote area where cell phone signals and roads can be hard to come by. In deep canyons on multi-day trips, the only way to access help may be through satellite phones or hiking out.Most people raft on large, inflatable, rubber or PVC boats with either paddles or oars. Paddle boats tend to be lighter and more maneuverable, but may be more prone to flips. Oar rigs, generally larger boats with a wooden or metal frame, are heavier. However, because they tend to carry gear, there are more opportunities to get injured by things on the raft itself.
A rafting trip can last from a few hours to several weeks. On the Arkansas River in Colorado, the most commercially rafted stretch of river in North America, trips are generally about 1/2 a day to 1 day and may last from 13 to 17 miles. The whitewater is swift with little time for recovery during high flows. Hazards include rocks, large hydraulics, and man-made features such as metal that has fallen from the train tracks into the river.
The RisksStatistically speaking, you are more likely to get injured getting on or off the boat than sitting in it. I've listed a few examples of possible risks to rafting below, the the list is not comprehensive. These are the areas we emphasize in our safety talks.- Whitewater - Depending on the type of river you are on, a swim in the river can be fun or can be a life-or-death situation. Most of the time, however, it seems worse than it actually is and leaves you with nothing more than a good story to tell your friends.
The most deadly rapid in the Grand Canyon is not the class 10 Lava Falls, or the notorious Crystal rapid, but the small class 2 riffle at the bottom of one of the more popular hikes. People wade into the water without any rescue device and are swept downstream by strong currents which catch them offguard. Rule #1 then - always wear your personal flotation device (PFD)
- Obstacles - I mentioned strainers above. You should also be aware of rocks and other objects in that river that can hurt you if you hit them or, even worse, are pinned against them. Your guide will tell you about the defensive swimming position. When you are in swift water, float on your back with your feat downstream. Push off of any obstacle you come across, and when you have the opportunity, swim energetically back to the boat or to the shore.
- Natural Hazards - Because you will be rafting in remote areas, things you may take for granted become big issues on the river. Small cuts can get infected quickly and lead to larger issues. A twisted ankle or injured shoulder can keep you from self rescuing yourself in the water. You must also be aware of snake bites, spider bites, poison ivy, etc. Finally, dehydration can be a big issue, along with exhaustion. Keep hydrated and replenish your electrolytes.
I am a raft guide on the Colorado River and have boated all across the west. I have swam big rapids, been in a flipped boat, injured myself on shore, and dealt with wrap situations. Stuff happens on the river, but don't let it scare you. Have a good time! Rafting is, after all, an adventure sport.
What is scientific about white water rafting?
In order to successfully navigate whitewater one must have a general understanding of physics and fluid dynamics. You must be able to predict how certain currents and river features will affect the vessel, whether it be inflatable raft or kayak. Professional whitewater guides refer to this as "reading water".
Apart from the above, science, engineering specifically, has made navigation of more difficult whitewater possible due to more advanced boat designs. The advent of the inflatable floor in whitewater rafts moved the sport forward by allowing the vessel to "self-bail". This made running bigger more sustained rivers safer and easier. Kayaks are constantly evolving in design with boats becoming more specialized over the years. Whitewater kayaks are now divided into 4 categories: Runners,play boats,creek boats and cross boats. Runners are used for top to bottom class IV and below rivers. Play boats are designed for free-style kayaking. Creek boats are engineered for the most extreme conditions which include very steep gradient rivers and creeks with serious consequences. Cross boats take some of the best features of runners and free-style kayaks and blend them into one unique design allowing for "free-running". Science has made the modern sport of running whitewater river possible, and it will continue to dictate the limits of the sport far into the future. So get out there and get wet!
Which wood is used to make catamaran?
Historically, the best wood for ANY boat was: Whatever was most available. Various types of plywood coated with fiberglass is an excellent choice.
Is the 1990 Johnson model J3BRESR a 2 or 4 stroke?
The 1990 Johnson model J3BRESR is a 2-stroke outboard motor. Johnson's J-series models from that era are known for their 2-stroke design, which provides a lightweight and powerful option for small boats. This model, like others in its series, utilizes a simple and efficient 2-stroke engine configuration.
How do you make a raft out of twigs?
To make a raft out of twigs, first gather a sufficient number of sturdy, straight twigs of similar length. Lay them side by side to form the base of the raft, then use thinner twigs or natural cordage to tightly bind them together at regular intervals. For added stability, create a cross-brace structure by layering more twigs on top and securing them in place. Finally, ensure the raft is buoyant by testing it in water before use.
