Sigmund Freud

Freud states clearly his meaning in context: "We know that a human child cannot successfully complete its development to the civilized stage without passing through a phase of neurosis sometimes of greater and sometimes of less distinctness. This is because so many instinctual demands which will later be unserviceable cannot be suppressed by the rational operation of the child's intellect but have to be tamed by acts of repression, behind which, as a rule, lies the motive of anxiety. Most of these infantile neuroses are overcome spontaneously in the course of growing up, and this is especially true of the obsessional neuroses of childhood. The remainder can be cleared up later still by psycho-analytic treatment. In just the same way, one might assume, humanity as a whole, in its development through the ages, fell into states analogous to the neuroses, and for the same reasons - namely because in the times of its ignorance and intellectual weakness the instinctual renunciations indispensable for man's communal existence had only been achieved by it by means of purely affective forces. The precipitates of these processes resembling repression which took place in prehistoric times still remained attached to civilization for long periods. Religion would thus be the universal obsessional neurosis of humanity; like the obsessional neurosis of children, it arose out of the Oedipus complex, out of the relation to the father. If this view is right, it is to be supposed that a turning-away from religion is bound to occur with the fatal inevitability of a process of growth, and that we find ourselves at this very juncture in the middle of that phase of development. Our behaviour should therefore be modelled on that of a sensible teacher who does not oppose an impending new development but seeks to ease its path and mitigate the violence of its irruption. "

- Freud -

Sigmund Freud was a pioneering psychologist who developed the psychoanalytic theory of personality. He is known for his work on the unconscious mind, defense mechanisms, and the psychosexual stages of development. Freud's theories greatly influenced the field of psychology and continue to be discussed and debated today.

Yes, Sigmund Freud used case studies extensively in his work as a psychoanalyst. He believed that examining individual cases in detail was essential for understanding the underlying causes of psychological problems and developing psychoanalytic concepts. Case studies also allowed Freud to illustrate his theories through real-life examples.

Sigmund Freud and Minna Bernays, his sister-in-law, have been rumored to have had a romantic relationship. While there is no concrete evidence of an affair, their close bond and emotional intimacy have led to speculation about the nature of their relationship.

For many years now there has been a continuing and sustained criticism of Freud's (1911) hypothesis that the basic disorder in schizophrenia consists in the patient's inability to maintain the libidinal cathexis of objects. The fact that patients suffering from the two principal types of schizophrenia present signs of real and fantasy object relationships has been taken as evidence that the illness cannot be based on a decathexis of object representations. This contradiction is easily dispelled if account is taken of the real likelihood that these object relationships, which are mostly of a pathological kind, represent a spontaneous tendency towards recovery. They are therefore secondary to the primary disorder and a reaction to it.

In the original theory Freud (1911) described the flight of the libidinal cathexis from the love object in schizophrenia as a form of repression. After the introduction of the structural theory (Freud, 1923) he dropped the term 'repression'

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who founded psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. He developed his theories and techniques in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with his most influential works published between the 1890s and 1930s.

Because he focused on the cognitive development of the human mind. He believed that what is in your subconscious was a window into what you really felt. He believed dreams had meanings and that when you have a "slip of the tongue", it's just your subconscious telling you what you really feel.

Sigmund Freud was a pioneer in exploring the unconscious mind, proposing theories on its influence on behavior and mental health through psychoanalytic techniques. Other notable figures in understanding consciousness include philosophers like Rene Descartes and psychologists like William James and Carl Jung.

Sigmund Freud believed that human aggression stemmed from the "death instinct," known as Thanatos, which is the innate drive toward self-destruction and aggression. He theorized that aggression serves as a way to release pent-up energy and relieve internal tension. Freud also suggested that aggressive impulses are present in all individuals and are regulated by the ego and superego.

Freudian preconscious represents the elements that are unconscious but not repressed. Pre-consciousness is the reservoir of everything we can remember.

This would fall into Jung's category of the personal unconscious. Although repressed memories, unwanted characteristics of the personality (the shadow) are also present in it. I've seen Jung make use of the "subconscious" as part of personal unconscious, that which lies close to the threshold of consciousness.

Psychoanalysis is associated with Sigmund Freud, who developed the theory and techniques to explore the unconscious mind, dreams, and psychological conflicts. It involves examining how past experiences and unconscious thoughts influence personality and behavior.

Yes, Sigmund Freud was a well-known psychologist known for his pioneering work in psychoanalysis. He was influential in developing theories about the unconscious mind, defense mechanisms, and psychosexual development. Freud's ideas have had a lasting impact on the field of psychology.

Freud actually described the id as the most primitive and instinctual part of one's personality, driven by the pleasure principle and irrational desires. It operates on the unconscious level and lacks awareness or rationality. Freud believed the ego, which develops later, is responsible for rational thought and reality testing.

Freud believed that the essence of personality was mostly formed by the age of five through the interactions with parents and early experiences. He referred to this as the phallic stage of development in his psychoanalytic theory.

Freud believed that phobias were a result of repressed conflicts or traumas from childhood that manifested as irrational fears in adulthood. He thought that phobias were a form of defense mechanism to protect individuals from facing these unresolved issues. Freud's theory emphasized the role of unconscious motivations in the development of phobias.

Sigmund Freud founded psychoanalysis in the late 19th century, around the 1890s. He developed the theory and practice of psychoanalysis, which revolutionized the study of psychology and understanding of the human mind.

Sigmund Freud received his training in medicine, specializing in neurology and then in psychiatry. He developed psychoanalysis as a form of therapy based on his clinical observations and research in psychology.

Sigmund Freud studied medicine at the University of Vienna and obtained a medical degree in 1881.

Both Piaget and Freud employed the technique of clinical observation to develop their theories. Piaget observed children's behaviors and interactions to study their cognitive development, while Freud used psychoanalysis to explore unconscious motivations and conflicts in his patients.

Freud received his MD in 1881 (University of Vienna). No PhD, he was a medical doctor (neurology).

Freud's theory is known as psychoanalytic theory, based on the importance of the unconscious mind, childhood experiences, and how conflicts between different parts of the mind can influence behavior. Psychoanalysis, his therapeutic approach, involves exploring patients' unconscious thoughts and emotions through techniques like free association, dream analysis, and transference to gain insight into their psychological issues.

Having an ego is a common trait among individuals, but it can vary in intensity and expression. People from all walks of life, regardless of status, age, or profession, can exhibit behaviors driven by their ego. It is part of human nature and can influence how individuals view themselves and others.

Psychoanalysts Carl Jung and Alfred Adler were notable critics of Sigmund Freud's theories. They disagreed with Freud on various aspects of psychoanalysis, such as the role of the unconscious mind and the importance of early childhood experiences in shaping personality.

The philosophical concept of a scientific paradigm is an important one when thinking about Sigmund Freud. While some of his ideas seem amusing now, it is important to be aware of the paradigm in which he was operating.