Sumer

The head ruler of the Sumerians was often referred to as a "king" or "lugal," which means "big man" in Sumerian. These rulers held significant power and were responsible for governance, military leadership, and religious duties within their city-states. Additionally, some rulers were viewed as representatives of the gods on Earth, reinforcing their authority in Sumerian society.

Sumer is considered a prime example of civilization due to its advanced urban development, including city-states like Ur and Uruk, which featured complex social structures and governance. The Sumerians invented cuneiform writing, facilitating record-keeping and communication, and made significant advancements in technology, mathematics, and astronomy. Their polytheistic religion and monumental architecture, such as ziggurats, reflect a rich cultural life. Overall, Sumer's contributions to agriculture, trade, and societal organization laid foundational elements for future civilizations.

Sumeria, an ancient civilization located in the southern part of modern-day Iraq, is now referred to as part of the region known as Mesopotamia. The term "Sumer" is often used to describe the specific area inhabited by the Sumerians, while Iraq encompasses a broader geographical territory that includes several ancient cultures. Today, the region is primarily associated with the historical and archaeological significance of its early city-states and contributions to human civilization.

The Sumerian wheel, invented around 3500 BCE in ancient Mesopotamia, is one of the earliest known examples of a wheeled vehicle and represents a significant technological advancement. Initially used for pottery, the wheel later revolutionized transport and trade by enabling the creation of chariots and carts. This innovation facilitated the movement of goods and people, contributing to the development of urban centers and complex societies in the region. The Sumerian wheel marks a key milestone in human engineering and mobility.

The Sumerians were one of the first civilizations to develop the wheel, which led to technological advances in agriculture and warfare. They also developed one of the world's two oldest writing systems.

the Roman Gods were essential to everyday life. Each God had a different domain, and was called upon when nescessary. The Ceasars were thought to be appointed divinely, all of the great pieces of

mesopotamia was first ruled by priests of a polytheistic religion. The priests were later overthrown by the military force and kings took over. Religion plays a major role, however it was not combined with government.

In ancient Sumer, there were three main types of artists: scribes, sculptors, and jewelers. Scribes were responsible for recording information on clay tablets using cuneiform script. Sculptors created intricate statues and reliefs depicting gods, rulers, and daily life. Jewelers crafted elaborate pieces of jewelry using materials like gold, silver, and precious stones. Each of these artists played a crucial role in Sumerian society, contributing to the cultural and artistic richness of the civilization.

The Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian empires had centralized political structures and a unified government that enabled them to control vast territories and diverse populations, which the Sumerians lacked. While the Sumerians were organized into city-states with independent governance, the empires established a more cohesive administration, often using a bureaucratic system to enforce laws and collect taxes across their regions. Additionally, these empires often engaged in military conquests to expand their influence, unlike the Sumerians, whose conflicts were typically localized.

Salination significantly impacted the Sumerians by affecting their agriculture, as the region's irrigation practices often led to the accumulation of salt in the soil. This salinization reduced crop yields and threatened the sustainability of their farming systems, eventually contributing to the decline of Sumerian civilization. To mitigate these effects, the Sumerians had to innovate their farming techniques and manage water resources carefully. Ultimately, salination highlighted the challenges of agricultural dependency in an arid environment.

you had to be able to communicate with the gods/goddesses.

summarize Vietnam history as a France colony and its struggle for independence

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They developed extensive writing systems

No, it was north of Sumer which occupied what is now central to southern Iraq (Nineveh is in the north of what is now Iraq and is encroached on by present-day Mosul).

Nineveh was part of the later empires or polities including Assyria and Metanni; but it may have been at one time inhabited by Sumerian people prior to the migration of Sumerian people to southern Iraq when Sumer was establihsed.

No. Sumer was a region in Mesopotamia (Iraq) rather than in Egypt.

A writing systum, the calander, number systum...ect.

1. chariots

2. mastered ironworking, so weapons are strong

Because they wanted a better life, and they didn't have the time to help there town

the wheel, math (fractions and weight measurement), medicine, the first superhero ( Gilgamesh), string instruments, law ( Hammurabi's code of law), names of constellations, zodiac, and a bunch of other stuff I can't think of right now

yes because it is sort of like a culture. So if they didnt the tribe would not be alive