To calculate an instruction address and a data address, you typically use the base address and an offset. For example, if the base address of a program is 0x1000 and the instruction is located at an offset of 0x0040, the instruction address would be calculated as 0x1000 + 0x0040 = 0x1040. Similarly, if a data item is stored at an offset of 0x0020 from the same base address, the data address would be 0x1000 + 0x0020 = 0x1020.
The I bit is 0 so the instruction is recognice as a direct address instruction The indirect address instruction needs 2 referance to memory to fetch & opened The I bit is 1 so the instruction is recognice as a indirect address instructionhe
the 8085 microprocessor is a 8-bit microprocessor and these are bidirectional but the address lines are unidirectional.these address lines are used to address the location of the instruction in memory .these data lines are used to transfer data between processor and peripheral devices. when the address of the instruction will be recognized by the address lines the data will be send to the processor therefore the 16 address lines are not act as a data lines in 8085
It is used to hold data or the memory address that contains either the next place of data or an instruction that is to be used .
actually register holds the data..there are 6 register which are temporary registers..program counter holds the address of next instruction to be fetched..instruction register holds the currently executed data...
There are 2 kinds Data bus and address bus data bus which carries the data ( includes both instruction and data). address bus which carries where the data in the data bus must be sent to in the RAM or which I/O device has to be active to read / write data to the data bus .
The Instruction Pointer (IP) in an 8086 microprocessor contains the address of the next instruction to be executed. The processor uses IP to request memory data from the Bus Interface Unit, and then increments it by the size of the instruction.
When a memory operand is used in instruction execution, two additional steps are required: first, the effective address must be calculated to locate the data in memory. Second, the data at that calculated address must be fetched from memory into a register or the CPU for processing before executing the instruction. These steps are essential to ensure that the CPU has the correct data to operate on.
i) Instruction code deals only with mnemonics and its corresponding opcode but data code refers to your data like 10h which is always of 8 bits or a particular address say 8080h which is of 16 bits. ii) Data is your input to the instruction but an opcode is native to your machine. iii) Data is user specific instruction while opcode is machine specific instruction iv) You can alter data code but you cannot modify an instruction opcode.
Every microprocessor architecture has a specific set of instructions that are embedded into the processor itself and each instruction correspond to a specific opcode. Data and instructions in memory are represented in an address format.
employee address
ORG is an assembler directive that sets the address of the next generated instruction or data byte.
The possible states that define an instruction execution are as follows: Instruction address calculation - Determine the address of the next instruction to be executed. Instruction fetch - Read instruction from its memory location into the processor. Instruction operation decoding - Analyze instruction to determine type of operation to be performed and operand to be used. Operand address calculation - If the operation involves reference to an operand in memory or available via I/O, then determine the address of the operand. Operand fetch - Fetch the operand from memory or read it in from I/O. Data operation - Perform the operation indicated in the instruction. Operand store - Write the result into memory or out to I/O.