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To calculate an instruction address and a data address, you typically use the base address and an offset. For example, if the base address of a program is 0x1000 and the instruction is located at an offset of 0x0040, the instruction address would be calculated as 0x1000 + 0x0040 = 0x1040. Similarly, if a data item is stored at an offset of 0x0020 from the same base address, the data address would be 0x1000 + 0x0020 = 0x1020.

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