The size of an antenna depends upon the frequecny of the RF signal and the gain.
In general, an antenna is "cut" or "built" for one frequency, or for a band of frequencies centering on one particular frequency. This antenna will respond to all frequencies, but will only exhibit "maximum" gain at one frequency. Frequencies higher or lower will not be received quite as well, and the farther from the "tuned" or "center" frequency the signal is, the less gain the antenna will provide on that frequency. As we work with an omnidirectional antenna, we can "tinker" with it a bit in an attempt to get it to work with a broader range of frequencies, but as we broaden the usable spectrum over which it will work, we will see less gain on the "center" frequency. If you're getting the idea that tuning an antenna involves trade-offs, you're getting the right picture. No improvements are possible without "cost" in another part of the operating spectrum. If we move to a directional TV antenna like, say, one of those antennas (not the dish) that still can be seen on some rooftops, we see what is basically a modified log periodic antenna. This antenna will generally be "pointed" or "aimed" in the general direction of the transmission antenna of the station(s) for which reception is desired. Stations with broadcast antennas to the side or the rear of this antenna won't be "seen" as the antenna is highly directional. Having said all that to get you up to speed on some fundamental concepts of the antenna, as we move up the frequency spectrum (starting "low"), the gain of the antenna will increase until we reach the "center" or the "tuned" frequency for that antenna. After that, increasing the frequency will result in signals with increasingly lower gain.
Get the signal meter on screen then rotate the antenna to the spot the meter reads the highest, this is the point of most signal. Leave the antenna in that position. spreading the rods apart results in more gain.
When determining the appropriate antenna size for a wireless communication system, factors to consider include the frequency of the signal, the distance the signal needs to travel, the desired coverage area, and any obstacles that may interfere with the signal. Additionally, the antenna's gain, polarization, and radiation pattern should also be taken into account to ensure optimal performance.
That solely depends on the strength of the output signal, and many other factors like environment, frequency, etc. as a typical rule of thumb, range doubles for every 6-7 db gain, so a 12 db antenna will have double the range of a 6 db, but again, its a factor of the strength of the output
The earth station depends on the following parameters• Transmitter power• Choice of frequency• Gain of antenna• Antenna efficiency• Antenna pointing accuracy• Noise temperature• Local conditions such as wind, weather etc,• Polarization• Propagation losses
bandwidth refers to the amount of the frequency spectrum that a signal resides in.example, the spacing between channels on radio are determined by their bandwidth. beamwidth is a physical characteristic of an antenna. they generally mark the point bore sight of a directional antenna that are at -3dB or half power
Radar range is affected by various factors, including the transmitted power, beamwidth, frequency, propagation losses, and antenna gain. Antenna gain plays a crucial role in determining the effective range of a radar system, as it focuses the transmitted energy in a particular direction, increasing the signal strength in that direction and consequently extending the radar range. A higher antenna gain typically results in a longer radar range by improving the system's ability to detect and track targets at greater distances.
rf is a single tuned amplifier . Its functions are :- 1.improves selectivity ( i.e rejection of unwanted signal) , so that it prevents heterodyning which results in interference frequency. 2. improves image frequency rejection 3. improves sensitivity ( gain of amplifier ) 4.improves coupling of receiver with antenna . 5. improves signal to noise ratio. 6. reradiation of local oscillator through receiver antenna is prevented
There is no effect on frequency but the amplitude is increased
Antenna gain of base station for a specific user depends on antenna pattern, antenna orientation (azimuth and tilt) and user's coordinates with respect to base station.
It depends upon the type of antenna. For example, a Yagi antenna's gain can be increased by adding elements. A parabolic antenna's gain can be increased by increasing the diameter of the antenna. All antennas can have their gain increased by lowering the loss of the feed line. By replacing regular coaxial cable with nitrogen pressurized coax, the overall gain at the receiving end can be increased. Gain can also be increased by inserting an amplifier between the antenna and the receiver. Another method of increasing gain is to reduce the VSWR, or voltage standing wave ratio.
To decrease antenna height For transmitting a signal of wavelength λ the antenna height must be λ/4. So if we want to send a 1 Hz (λ=3*10^8 m) signal ( very very low frequency) using an antenna , its height must be 75,000 Km ( impossible to build such a huge antenna ). If the same signal is modulated to some high frequency say 88 MHZ ( λ = 3.4 m ) , antenna height needed is 0.8522 m (quite easy to construct !!! ) (88 MHZ is the starting range of Frequency modulation which exists upto 108 MHZ).