Higher surface area is available for the chemical reaction.
A lump of solid has a much lower surface area compared to a powdered catalyst. Since most chemical reactions that are catalysed by solid phase catalysts (heterogeneous catalysts) occur on the catalyst surface more surface area = faster reaction.
The number of moles of catalyst depends on the reaction under consideration. Compared to the substrate, about 10-2 to 10-6 times of the catalyst can be used. The lower the amount of the catalyst, the more effective it is.
powdered substances have more surface area so they can be broken down quicker than substances with less surface area and that will cause the sustance to be absorbed quicker.
A powdered form will generally react faster than a solid form because it has a larger surface area available for reactions to occur. More surface area allows for more contact between the substance and the reacting species, leading to a faster reaction rate.
Either water or sugar, more likely water if its not in powdered form.
Coalitions. They form coalitions together to try and make them more effective.
Catalysts are effective in small amounts because they facilitate chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, allowing reactants to convert to products more easily. They are not consumed in the reaction, meaning a single catalyst molecule can participate in multiple reaction cycles. This efficiency allows a small quantity of catalyst to influence a large number of reactant molecules, enhancing the overall reaction rate without the need for large amounts of the catalyst itself.
no because white sugar is more clumped than powdered sugar and powdered sugar doesn't taste like sugar that much Powdered sugar is chemically not fundamentally different from regular sugar, just more finely ground. However, powdered sugar may contain additives to prevent clumping. you are exactly right!!!! by Terrier23
A catalyst lowers the energy of activation for a reaction by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. This allows the reactants to more easily overcome the energy barrier and proceed to form products at a faster rate.
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The rate of reaction increases when magnesium is in powdered form because it has a larger surface area compared to solid form. This increased surface area allows for more collisions between magnesium atoms and reactant particles, leading to a higher reaction rate.
The Grubbs 2nd generation catalyst is a more reactive form of the 1st generation catalyst and is prepared in the same way. It is however oxygen and water sensitive so is generally used under a nitrogen or argon atmosphere. The IUPAC name of the Second Generation Catalyst is benzylidene[1,3- bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2- imidazolidinylidene]dichloro(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grubbs_catalyst for more information & pictures