The point closest to the Earth's center (-6,353 km (3,948mi) is probably at the bottom of the Arctic Ocean (greatest depth 5,450 m (17,881 ft) near the Geographic North Pole (the bottom of the Mariana Trench is 6,366.4 km (3,956mi) from the center of the Earth), sometimes called Polar Deep.
The closest point to the center of the Earth at sea level would be the summit of Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador, due to the equatorial bulge caused by the Earth's rotation.
The Moon orbits over the tropical areas, within about 28 degrees of latitude north or south. The point on the Earth which is absolutely the CLOSEST to the Moon would be the point when the Moon reaches its "perigee". But that point moves as the Moon orbits the Earth.
Strange as it may seem . . . If you drove a pencil from Jerusalem down through the center of the earth and out the other side, the city closest to the point on the earth directly opposite Jerusalem is Papeete, Tahiti. The point is actually out in the South Pacific Ocean, and Papeete is about 1,000 miles to the north-northwest.
No
The point at which the Moon is closest to Earth is known as the perigee. This occurs approximately once a month when the Moon reaches its closest point to Earth in its elliptical orbit. This phenomenon is called a "perigee-syzygy."
True. Perigee is the point in the moon's orbit when it is closest to Earth.
Because the Earth is rotating, the "closest point" to the Moon will be changing all the time. Also, the Moon is moving in its orbit, of course.
The closest liquid to the Earth's core that is known is magma.
The deepest ocean on Earth is the Pacific. The deepest point in the ocean is the Mariana Trench.
No
Perigee
Perihelion is when the Earth is closest to the sun.