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Puerto Rico was ceded to the United States by Spain in the Treaty of Paris ending the Spanish American War in 1898. Cuba and the Philippines were ceded to the US at the same time. Cuba was almost immediately granted independence since the US was able to get the support of the Cuban Spanish independence movement by promising independence for their support of the US fight against the Spaniards. However the US hung on to both the Philippines and Puerto Rico due to their strategic locations.

The Philippines was granted independence in 1946 shortly after World War II. Once again, The US struck a deal with a militant independence movement to support the US's fight against its enemy (this time Japan). The Philippine independence movement was quite large and active for decades before they were granted independence.

Puerto Rico is still a US Territory (and now called a Commonwealth with an elected governor and bicameral legislature), Itr is still a very strategic location in the Western Hemisphere for naval defense and shipping in general. Unlike Cuba and the Philippines, Puerto Rico has never had a large independence movement. There have been militant independence groups, but (if you go by plebiscite election numbers) have never had any popular support. The highest election numbers ever for independence was 4.4% of registered voters in the 1993 Plebiscite.

Puerto Rico is still a US Territory by the consent of the people of the island. About 70% of registered voters, or about 40% of the island's residents, have voted for continued territorial status of some kind, or statehood. Several movements for statehood have come up just short of obtaining the electoral 50%+1 majority needed to ask Congress to be admitted into the union. So Puerto Rico remains a territory.

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