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When the Portuguese first made contact with China, they were mainly treated as a tributary trade or an Economic Partner. But then the Portuguese made the mistake of destroying and conquering Malacca (Then under Chinese Protection) and constantly raiding Chinese territory (Especially Macau). The Chinese defeated the Portuguese decisively in the Battles of Tamao and adopted a discriminatory policy towards the Portuguese, which is to kill and torture all Portuguese that set foot on Chinese soil. It is only after the Portuguese made tributes to China, did China refrain from driving the Portuguese from Southeast Asia and the Indian ocean. Afterwards, the Spanish and Dutch also make contact with the Chinese.

The Chinese are mainly unconcerned with the Europeans, merely treating them as another tributary or business partner. However, in the royal court, Chinese scholars are intrigued by the entrance of Europeans Sciences and Mathematics that seemed to have advanced further than their own. Jesuit Missionaries teach and work with the Chinese to further advance Scientific Progress. However, Jesuit Missionaries eventually began meddling in Chinese Politics as well, which sometimes cost a backlash

The expansion of European trade - albeit restricted to islands near Guangzhou like Macao - spread the Columbian Exchange of crops, plants, and animals into China, introducing chili peppers to Sichuan cuisine and highly-productive corn and potatoes, which diminished famines and spurred population growth. The growth of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch trade created new demand for Chinese products and produced a massive influx of Japanese and American silver.

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