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Australia has a variety of climatic and environmental conditions that require no more adaptation than the conditions in North or South America, or even parts of Europe. For the most part, Australians settle in the coastal areas, and build houses acccording to the conditions. In Queensland, a common house type is the "Queenslander", a weatherboard house up high on stumps to catch the breezes. In dry parts of southern Australia, houses are solid stone, offering warmth in winter and insulation from the heat in summer.
As Australia is prone to frequent droughts, many people have rainwater tanks attached to the Plumbing in their houses. Gutters redirect the rainfall from the roof to fill up the tank. Many also use solar hot water heating, solar heating for their pools or solar panels for electricity, given the many sunlight hours typically occurring each day in Australia.
Australia is prone to various natural disasters. In areas known to be prone to flooding, houses are also built higher in the "Queenslander" fashion, and these houses can be seen far inland, where flooding can spread across thousands of kilometres in area. Where bushfires are common, people take precautions to ensure the area immediately around their house is free of vegetation, and stands of trees are cut down in wide tracts to make firebreaks. In Darwin and surrounding areas, a city which was severely damaged by a cyclone on Christmas Day in 1974, new standards for buildings were developed to ensure houses are no longer decimated so easily.
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