How was Pakistan formed?

Answer 1

In 1947, India consisted of over 600 kingdoms and large British-ruled areas, all subject to the British crown. An independence movement led by an educated elite had formed by the early 1900s. Both Hindus and Muslims worked in and led this movement through the Indian National Congress, but orthodox Muslims were anxious about their role and identity in independent India. In 1916 the Muslim League, led by British-trained former Congress leader Mohammad Ali Jinnah, and the non-sectarian Congress reached an agreement called the Lucknow Pact which gave Muslims one-third of the seats in any future national legislature, a separate Muslim electorate and a provision to veto any legislation not approved by a majority of Muslim legislators. In return, the Muslim League, representing orthodox Muslims, agreed to support a united India

The larger independence movement led by Jawaharlal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi, including a majority of progressive Muslims, was uncomfortable with a religion-based government. Therefore, the Lucknow Pact did not last long. The Motilal Nehru Report of 1928 defined the Congress position as a secular state with the option of population-based reservation for Muslims, i.e. 12% instead of one-third. Mr. Jinnah and the Muslim League rejected this position and began to embrace the idea of a separate country for Muslims, based on concepts and issues outlined by Muslim nationalist poet Mohammad Iqbal (letter to Jinnah, 1937)

As it became clear that independence was in the offing, the Muslim League led by Mr. Jinnah stepped up its opposition to a united India, and pressed aggressively for a separate country for Muslims called Pakistan, carved out of British India by a population-based formula. The Congress offered to make Mr. Jinnah the Prime Minister of united India and offered other minor concessions in an attempt to reach a truce.

The offer was spurned as superficial by Mr. Jinnah and the Muslim League. Their campaign for partition culminated in Direct Action Day on 14 August 1946, marked by fierce rioting in Calcutta in which mostly Hindus were killed and their property destroyed and looted, and there were loud calls for Jihad and threats of similar action in all major Indian cities, until partition was accepted. The Congress did not expect this violent turn of events, and its leaders Gandhi and Nehru were unsuccessful in placating the Muslim League.

Meanwhile, Sir Winston Churchill (who refused to dissolve the Empire) was no longer Prime Minister, and the new British government wanted to focus 100% on rebuilding Britain. They dispatched young Lord Mountbatten to India with instructions to set it free. Pressed for time by Mountbatten on one hand and implacable civil violence on the other, the Indian National Congress had no alternative except to accept Partition.

This is how Pakistan came to be, but more than half of Indian Muslims rejected the concept and stayed in India. Near-civil-war conditions prevailed in India and Pakistan for many months after partition. An irreconciliable dispute soon arose over the independent kingdom of Kashmir. Militias based in Pakistan overran large chunks of Kashmir near Pakistan. The King asked India to defend the kingdom, leading to full-scale war. The issue was taken up by the UN, but over 60 years later, no solution has been found. Pakistan and India have fought several wars, including a war in 1971 which split East Pakistan off to create Bangladesh.

Pakistan fulfilled Iqbal and Jinnah's vision of a Muslim country in preference to a pluralistic one where Muslims would have minority electoral power at best. Indian Muslims have far less political power than more numerous backward Hindu castes. It is not possible to compare the two models in economic and industrial terms because India and Pakistan have pursued radically different paths to development since independence.

Answer 2

allama Iqbal was the first who give the idea of two nation theory and after that the very hard work of quaid e azam ,leaders of Muslim league and the Muslim's of Pakistan and as the result of this hard work Pakistan came into being on 14 august 1947 and the memories of these great people are still in our hearts

Answer 3

In the 1940's as it became apparent that India was winning its freedom from Great Britain, many leaders of the Muslim League worried that Muslims would be forced out of power by India's Hindu majority (Pakistan Movement). It was for this reason that Muhammad Ali Jinnah and other Muslim political leaders were in favor of the creation of an independent country called Pakistan. Areas of India with 75% or more Muslims would become Pakistan and the rest of the country would stay India. Many Indians, such as Gandhi were against the creation of Pakistan simply because they thought it would cause unnecessary hatred and mistrust between the two religions (Pakistan Movement). These concerns were overruled when the proposed Muslim states voted on Pakistan. On 3 of June in 1947 it was announced that the British Indian Empire would be divided into two separate nations, India and Pakistan (Indian Independence Movement). By Mid-August of 1947 Pakistan and India were two independent Nations (Indian Independence Movement).

Answer 4

In 1930, Muhammad Iqbal called for an autonomous Muslim state in "northwestern India for Indian Muslims". The Muslim League, a political party, rose to popularity in the late 1930s. Muhammad Ali Jinnah espoused the Two Nation Theory and led the Muslim League to adopt the Lahore Resolution of 1940, demanding the formation of independent states for Muslims in the East and the West of British India. Eventually, a united Pakistan with two wings - West Pakistan and East Pakistan - gained independence from the British, on August 14, 1947.

Modern-day Pakistan came in existence in 1971, after a civil war in the distant East Pakistan and emergence of an independent Bangladesh.

Answer 5

Pakistan