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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established in 1949 by Western nations that feared Soviet aggression in Europe. This military alliance aimed to provide collective defense against potential attacks from the Soviet Union and its allies, promoting political and military cooperation among its member states. The principle of collective defense, outlined in Article 5 of the NATO treaty, asserts that an attack on one member is considered an attack on all. This alliance played a crucial role in shaping the geopolitical landscape during the Cold War.

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