What did Balboa call Panama when he found it?

Answer 1

He did not seem to have called it anything himself when he found it. It eventually came to be called Tierra Firma (also Tierra Firme, Spanish from the Latin terra firma, meaning "dry land" or "mainland").

Following his descriptions of the land the Spanish king gave it the name of Castilla Aurifica (or Castilla del Oro, meaning "Golden Castille").

Panama did not exist as a separate country until 1903, when the US under President Theodore Roosevelt arranged a staged revolt against Columbia, to facilitate the building of the Panama Canal.