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When Francisco Pizarro and his group of Spanish explorers arrived in Peru in 1532, they discovered that the so-called Vilcanota area was the home of a great empire ruled by a dynastic lineage called the Inca. The empire stretched from Colombia to central Chile, and from the Pacific Ocean to the eastern tropical jungles. This turned out to be the largest political system of the Native Tribes in the entire Western Hemisphere. The capital of the Inca empire was a city named Cuzco. Inca tradition listed only 13 Inca rulers. Under the reign of three rulers this empire expanded to the size just described. The names of these rulers were Pachacutec, Topa Yupanqui and Huayna Capac. They were the father, son, and granson of the powerful Incas. It is asaid that within a period of 87 years, from approximately 1438 AD BCE to 1525, they had conquered all the territory previously described. The empire was now headed, in 1532, by the emperor Sapa Inca. This was an absolute ruler who had an army founded upon relatives of the ruler.

In about four years, the Spainards, took over the empire, and its riches in gold.

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