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A number of different political entities centered around Europe have either been designated as empires by contemporary historians, or were named as such. The more famous ones tended to indulge in imperialistic ambitions, growing to enormous sizes both in Europe and overseas. Some of the more well-documented examples include:

  • Roman Empire
  • Byzantine Empire (also known as the Eastern Roman Empire)
  • Portuguese Empire
  • Spanish Empire (descended from Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon)
  • Russian Empire
  • First French Empire (under Napoleon)
  • Dutch Empire
  • House of Hapsburg (rulers of Austrian Empire and Holy Roman Empire)
  • British Empire (descended from Kingdoms of England and Scotland)
  • Swedish Empire
  • Dano–Norwegian Empire
  • Nazi Germany

The Ottoman Empire can also be included in this list, even though it is now generally considered to have been a Eurasian empire, rather than strictly a European one. Nevertheless, contemporaries during their height almost always regarded the Ottomans as part of Europe (specifically, part of the Balkans), despite their origins being from Anatolia and beyond.
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