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According to 1 Kings 11, God told Solomon that his son would lose most of his kingdom because Solomon had committed the sin of worshipping other gods. Later, it says that after the death of Solomon, the northern tribes rebelled from the kingdom of Israel and created their own kingdom called Israel, while the former kingdom settled for the name Judah. According to this account, it came about because Solomon had unwisely imposed swingeing taxes on the northern tribes and his son and successor, Rehoboam, not only refused to lift them but insisted on increasing the burden on the Israelites.

Many Biblical scholars say there never was a United Monarchy of Israel and that this was a later construct by scholars in the small southern kingdom of Judah. Israel Finkelstein says that the two kingdoms had different dialects of the Hebrew language, different pottery styles and different cultures.

Answer:

The people of Israel rebelled against taxes and such, and soon divided the United Kingdom into two different parts of the region/kingdom.

Answer:

Rehoboam's father, King Solomon, had levied relatively heavy taxes, which had been used for such large-scale endeavors as building the First Temple. The fact that the nation was so prosperous and happy in his time (1 Kings 4:20) demonstrates that Solomon conducted his governance in a praiseworthy manner.
After Solomon's death, the people approached his son Rehav'am (Rehoboam) and asked that he now lower the tax. He ignored the counsel of his elder advisers and refused the people's request. This led the Ten Tribes to turn away from him (1 Kings ch.12).
The background reason was because King Solomon had been less than perfectly righteous. This led God to punish him by diminishing his dynasty in the lifetime of his son (Rehoboam). 1 Kings ch.11. A deeper reason is that God wanted the more righteous people of Judah to be influenced by the Ten Tribes as little as possible.

"Although critics contended that the Hebrew Bible is untrustworthy, time and time again, the archaeological record supports places, times, and events mentioned in Scripture." (Professor John Arthur Thompson, The Bible and Archaeology). The personal names Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are names of the time and area mentioned in the Bible (ibid).
"One city after another, one civilization after another, one culture after another, who were known only from the Bible, have been restored to their place in ancient history through archaeology" (Prof. Gleason Archer, A Survey of Old Testament Introduction).
No parchment, scroll, or inscription has ever been found that would support the Bible-critics' JEPD (different sources) hypothesis, which remains a set of mere postulates. And those ancient writers who mention, describe, summarize or translate the Torah (Josephus, Samaritans, Targum, Septuagint etc.), describe it in its complete form.
Archaeological finds, such as the Ugarit documents and those of Nuzu, Mari, Susa, Ebla, and Tel el-Amarna, have repeatedly caused the critics to retract their claims. The entire social milieu portrayed in the Torah, once criticized as anachronistic, has been shown to be accurate, including customs of marriage, adoption, contracts, inheritance, purchases, utensils, modes of travel, people's names and titles, etc. Professor Gleason Archer states: "In case after case where inaccuracy was alleged as proof of late and spurious authorship of the biblical documents, the Hebrew record has been vindicated by the results of excavations, and the condemnatory judgment of the Documentary theorists have been proved to be without foundation."
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7y ago

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