The British East India Company established control of the island in 1796, declaring it a crown colony in 1802, although the island would not be officially connected with British India. The fall of the kingdom of Kandy in 1815 unified the island under British rule.
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Large of Ceylon were settled by the Portugese starting around 1505. Portugal held on to parts of Ceylon until the 1650's. Beginning in 1602, the Dutch started settling Ceylon and held on to parts of it until 1796. The British annexed Dutch Ceylon in 1796, formally colonized the whole of the island in 1815 and retained Ceylon as a colony until 1948.