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The Aborigines have known about Uluru (Ayers Rock) for thousands of years. The monolith (or inselberg) is considered a sacred site by the Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara people, and ancient paintings can be seen in caves, cliff overhangs and other surfaces of Uluru. For this reason, it is clear that the first people to discover Uluru were the Australian indigenous people.

Explorer William Gosse, of the South Australian Survey Department, is believed to have been the first European explorer to see Ayers Rock. Gosse discovered the rock (now known by its native name of Uluru) by accident during an expedition through Australia's interior. The need to find water for his camels forced him to take a more southerly course than he had originally planned. On 18 July 1873 he sighted Ayers Rock, recording that, "This rock is certainly the most wonderful natural feature I have ever seen".

Gosse named the feature Ayers Rock in honour of the then-Chief Secretary of South Australia, or Premier, Sir Henry Ayers.

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