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It is probably not so much a question of who discoveredthe Northern Territory as who was the first to cross it and chart the region, entering previously unknown territory. This honour goes to John MacDouall Stuart, a Scottish-born South Australian explorer who was the first recorded European to successfully cross the continent from south to north and return alive. It took him five attempts, during which he gained considerable knowledge of the area north of South Australia.

Because of Stuart's successful crossing, the Northern Territory became part of South Australia, from 1863 until it was taken over by the Commonwealth Government in 1911.

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