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At the time of Australia's first settlement, Sydney did not exist. The First Fleet, consisting of eleven ships, left Portsmouth, England, on 13 May 1787,and arrived in botany Bay on 18 January 1788. This was where they were supposed to settle. Captain Arthur Phillip, Governor of the first colony, immediately determined that there was insufficient fresh water, an absence of usable timber, poor quality soil and no safe harbour at Botany Bay. Thus the fleet was moved to Port Jackson, arriving on 26 January 1788. The settlement Sydney grew up initially along the part of the harbour known as Sydney Cove, and quickly spread further afield.

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