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In colonial Maryland, land ownership was primarily held by wealthy English landowners and aristocrats who were granted large tracts of land by the Calvert family, the proprietary founders of the colony. The Calverts, particularly Cecil Calvert (Lord Baltimore), established a system of land grants to encourage settlement and cultivation. Additionally, land could be acquired through the headright system, which rewarded settlers with land based on the number of people they brought to the colony. This system contributed to a social hierarchy where land ownership was concentrated among a small elite.

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