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The restoration of the Catholic Church in England primarily occurred during the reign of Queen Mary I, who ruled from 1553 to 1558. After the Protestant reforms initiated by her father, Henry VIII, and continued under her half-brother Edward VI, Mary sought to re-establish Catholicism as the state religion. She reinstated papal authority and persecuted Protestant reformers, aiming to reverse the religious changes made during the previous reigns. However, her efforts were largely undone after her death, leading to the Protestant Elizabeth I's ascension and the subsequent establishment of Anglicanism.

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