What is Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC) And what it do?

Answer 1

CDC is a potent effector mechanism, engaging both innate and adaptive immunity. It is mediated by the binding of the antibody and complement C1q, and then C2-C9 is activated to form a membrane attack complex to exert a lytic effect on target cells. It is one mechanism of action by which therapeutic antibodies or antibody fragments can achieve an antitumor effect.

Over the past decade, a series of CDC-related drugs have been developed since scientists demonstrated that enhanced CDC can improve effector functions of monoclonal antibodies for cancer treatment. A number of anti-tumor antibodies, such as antibodies raised against CD20, CD52, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)‐class II, Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA), glycolipid antigens, etc., have been known to induce CDC. In the clinic, CD20 mAbs, rituximab (RTX) and ofatumumab (OFA) have been used with success in the treatment of B cell malignancies. These mAbs can eliminate B cells only by utilizing the body’s immune effector mechanisms, and there is considerable evidence that CDC-enhanced ofatumumab is particularly effective at eliminating B cells.

With the help of CDC assays, suitable organ or bone marrow transplant donors can be found more effectively and accurately for the patient. And the CDC crossmatch is an informative test that detects alloantibodies in pre-transplant and post-transplant patients, which may dictate clinical management of transplant patients. In some patients with complex immunology, a careful and judicious use of a battery of immunology tests is of utmost importance to do a safe transplant and to avoid exclusion of a good donor.

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