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A number of US Supreme Court cases upheld segregation in the years following ratification of the "Restoration Amendments" (Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth), which were intended to extend African-Americans civil rights. The three primary landmark cases included:

The Slaughter-House Cases, 83 US 36 (1873)

Held that Congress could not apply the Fourteenth Amendment to the States via the Privileges and Immunities Clause.

Civil Rights Cases, 109 US 3 (1883)

Invalidated the Civil Rights Act of 1875 as unconstitutional on the grounds Congress lacked the authority to enforce provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment against private citizens and businesses.

Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 US 537 (1896)

Upheld as constitutional the Louisiana Separate Car Act (Act 111), allowing the state to provide "separate but equal" facilities (specifically train cars, in this case) for African-Americans and whites.

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