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Chief Justice John Marshall served from 1801 until his death in 1835, a tenure of 34 years.

When Federalist John Adams nominated Marshall to the Court, after losing the 1800 Presidential election to Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson, members of the Federalist party dominated the judiciary. Although Thomas Jefferson was able to replace three of six justices during his Presidential term, two of the three adopted Marshall's style of jurisprudence and voted with him on most decisions.

Although opposition to Marshall's perspective grew toward the end of his career as different political parties gained power and the Federalists faded, Marshall's keen mind and strong personality ensured he remained the dominant power on the Court throughout his life.

Marshall's opinions in cases like Marbury v. Madison,(1803), Fletcher v. Peck, (1810), and McCulloch v. Maryland, (1819), firmly established the doctrines of judicial review and federal supremacy such that his influence is still felt today.

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