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The purpose of Parliament's Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765 was to raise money to help pay off debts from the French and Indian War (1756 - 1763). The colonists objected strongly to these taxes, believing that Parliament could not levy a tax on colonists because they had no representation in Parliament.

Parliament revoked the Stamp Act but did not want the colonists to think they had agreed to the principle that it could not tax the colonists.

The Townshend Acts were a series of laws passed by Parliament imposing taxes on the thirteen colonies. They included the Revenue Act of 1767, the Indemnity Act, the Commissioners of Customs Act, the Vice Admiralty Court Act, and the New York Restraining Act. Their main purposes were:

to raise money to pay the salaries of Royal governors and judges in the colonies by imposing "duties" (import taxes) on necessities such as paper, paint, glass, and tea (previously, the governors were appointed by the King but were paid by the colonies; if the colonials were not happy with the way their governor exercised his considerable powers, they could fight back by refusing in the colonial legislature to allocate any money to pay him);

to become able to enforce stricter compliance with trade regulations, by establishing new customs offices and by giving customs officers broad powers to search businesses and homes;

and to establish definitively that the British Parliament had the power to tax the colonies.

Colonists objected to all of these taxes. Their responses included protests, boycotts, and an increase in the amount of smuggling - illegally importing tea and other items without reporting it to the British customs officers and paying duties. The purpose of the Tea Act of 1773 was to undercut the price of smuggled tea, so that colonists would purchase tea instead from the British East India Company. Since Townshend Act duties had been paid on this tea, Parliament reasoned that by purchasing it, colonists would have been implicitly agreeing to accept Parliament's right to tax them without representation.

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