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Plymouth ColonyWhen over 100 colonists arrived at the southern end of Massachusetts Bay in 1620, they established the colony of Plymouth on the site of a Pawtuxet Indian village that had been wiped out by an earlier epidemic. The Pilgrims took this as a sign from God that they should settle there because there was land already cleared for planting. However, the first winter was extremely harsh. The Pilgrims had been unable to plant crops and obtain enough food that first winter. By the spring of 1621, about half of the population of the colony died of malnutrition or disease. The colonists had not been prepared with enough provisions to get them through the first winter. The colonists also had to create a form of government, since they had not landed in the Virginia colonial area which they had planned. Many of the colonists were not members of the separatist group and had to be included in the colonial society. These "strangers" and the Pilgrims created a document to help govern themselves--the Mayflower Compact. The major principle of the Compact was that government derived its powers from the consent of the governed. Lack of enough manpower to provide all the food needed for another winter, not knowning how best to plant and what crops would do best in the area, some hostile Indian tribes in the area, and the lack of financial and commercial support from the backers of the colony in England, were other problems faced by the Pilgrims.
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