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President Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to four terms of office, and had two substantially different sets of US Supreme Court justices to deal with.

From 1933 to 1937, Roosevelt faced a conservative and obstructionist Court that repeatedly declared his New Deal programs unconstitutional. The Court finally began supporting more progressive, labor-oriented legislation in 1937. West Coast Hotel v. Parrish, (1937) is considered the Court's turning point (or point of surrender).

Due to the death or retirement of eight justices, Roosevelt managed to construct a new, liberal court between 1937 and 1941. These justices were more favorable toward his administration's "radical" labor and economic policies.

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