Gigabit = 1,000,000,000 bps (bits per second) = 125,000,000 Bps (Bytes per second) = 125 MBps (Megabytes per second (10^3)) = 119.209... MiBps (Mebibytes per second (2^10))
10 Gigabit = 10,000,000,000 bps (bits per second) = 1,250,000,000 Bps (Bytes per second) = 1.25 GBps (Gigabytes per second (10^3)) = 1.164... GiBps (Gibibytes per second (2^10))
The difference is obvious. 10 Gigabit = 10 x Gigabit or 10:1
Gigabit Ethernet is behind, it's less than 1/4 the speed of USB 3.0. Regardless of availability of 1Gb+ internet, there are many across the network uses for having 10Gb+ Ethernet. It's standard to have routers 1Gbps wired, and 300Mbps wireless, but nothing above for consumers. You will have to wait.
The need for a 10 Gigabit Ethernet for home office depends on the actual use case: for simple data exchange between different machines there most probably no need for 10 Gigabit - but if there's a use-case for video-streaming or other multi-media related tasks then a 10 Gigabit Ethernet network might be indicated.
10-Mbps Ethernet, 100-Mbps or Fast Ethernet, and 1000-Mbps or Gigabit Ethernet.
10 Gigabit Ethernet can transmit Ethernet frames at a speed to 10 gigabits per second (10 billion bits per second). The technology has been slowly growing in popularity, having been hindered by its higher price.
Ethernet capacity varies depending on the standard used. The most common Ethernet standards include Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps), Gigabit Ethernet (1 Gbps), 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10 Gbps), and newer standards like 100 Gigabit Ethernet and beyond. Modern Ethernet technologies can support speeds up to 400 Gbps and even 800 Gbps in specialized applications. The capacity also depends on factors like cable type, network design, and distance.
B. 10Gbase-ER
You would want to move to a Gigabit network. This will require a switch capable of Gigabit speeds, network cabling capable of Gigabit speeds (Cat 5e for example), and a network interface on a computer that is also Gigabit rated. Most modern switches are Gigabit rated (even inexpensive soho switches).
10GBase-ER
10GBase-ER
It is not a complete necessity to have a gigabit Ethernet switch but it will increase processing speed to 1,000 Mbits per second. Earlier forms of the Ethernet switches were in the 10 to 100 megabit range.
Fibre optic, though Ethernet is developing 10 gigabit UTP-based speeds for short runs.
The 'Ether' part of Ethernet denotes that the system is not meant to be restricted for use on only one medium type, copper cables, fibre cables and even radio waves can be used. Fast Ethernet Network was developed as an upgrade to traditional Ethernet Networking. Fast Ethernet improved traditional Ethernet by increasing transfer rates 10 times, from 10 Megabit to 100 Megabit speed. Gigabit Ethernet Network is an upgrade on Fast Ethernet Network equivalent to Fast Ethernet Networks improvement over Fast Ethernet Network, offering speeds of 1000 Megabits (1 Gigabit) Cisco have a good document with diagrams and a reasonable amount of depth that answers your questions on 10/100/1000 Ethernet. See related link. Ethernet card would be 10Mbps (mega bauds per second) Fast Ethernet card would be 100Mbps. Most ethernet cards sold today are Fast Ethernet or better. Look for the 100Mbps or the 10/100Mbps specification. The only difference between the both is the speed. Hence both cards are basically the same using the same technology except the fast Ethernet card can run on 10/100mb/s, an astonishing speed. Original 10Base2, 10Base5 and 10baseT Ethernet (thin coaxial cable, thick coaxial cable and twisted pair, respectively) specifications offered a 10Mbit/second throughput (data transfer rate). Although 1 Byte is 8 bits, 10Mbits in practice doesn't mean 1.25MBytes/second, because there's some extra information transferred. On average it can be seen as a ~1MByte/second link speed. Then new standards appeared, some of them exotic (like 100VG AnyLan), but the new Ethernet standard was 100baseTX, which used twisted pair (like 10baseT, but with slightly higher quality requirements - Category 5 cable). It has been called Fast Ethernet, as it offered 100Mbit/sec transfer speed, a 10-fold improvement. Usually all the network equipment can talk both 10baseT and 100baseTX (for example network switches have "10/100" ports). But this was not enough - then came a next speed-up: the 1000baseTX, still running on twisted pair, but with even higher cable quality requirements, offering 1000Mbit/s transfer speed, thus called Gigabit Ethernet: 1000 Mega = 1 Giga.
Ethernet technologies are standardized primarily by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), particularly under the IEEE 802.3 working group. These standards define various aspects of Ethernet, including physical media, data rates, and frame formats, enabling compatibility and interoperability between different devices and networks. Common standards include Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps), Gigabit Ethernet (1 Gbps), and 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10 Gbps), each serving specific networking needs. Overall, Ethernet has evolved to support higher speeds and improved performance while maintaining its foundational principles of simplicity and robustness.