There are many types of finish. Your local library should have books on furniture/woodworking, etc..
Can't be answered without knowing who made it and the serial number. don't refinish it.
Linseed Oil
http://www.outdoorlife.com/outdoor/diy/article/0,19912,658527,00.html
the stock is what you use to hold the weapon by.
the tf11 only comes with a stock or it doesnt. you can not buy an extra stock for the gun.
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use a saw and chop the stock, then refinish and attach buttplate.
About half or 2/3rds. But some people like their guns to look good, so if you plan to keep it... shoot it, refinish doesn't affect operation.
Mainly in the stock
yes just sand it and cover it with clear coat
Estate sale, garage sale, gun shop, pawn shop, gun show, stock shop
Try e-gunparts.com, gun shows, gun shops, custom stock makers.