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They discovered the Southern Route to the Indian ocean, via Cape Hope, established trading enclaves at Indian Ocean Ports like Macau, and enforced their trade monopoly with Cannon, Ships, and Fortifications. They were tough, able, Mariners and Traders and they broke the Spice Monopoly belonging to the Arab Traders before them.

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How did the Portuguese gain control of the spice trade?

Armed with guns and cannons the Portuguese waged war on the inhabitants of coastal towns, burned villages and overwhelmed the enemy's fleets.


Who controlled most of the spice trade during the early 1400s?

During the early 1400s, the spice trade was primarily controlled by Arab and Venetian traders. They monopolized the routes and distribution networks, bringing spices from the East, particularly from regions like India and the Spice Islands, to European markets. This dominance continued until the rise of Portuguese exploration in the late 15th century, which eventually shifted control over the spice trade.


In what chronological order did European countries control the African slave trade?

Portuguese, Dutch then English


In the 1600 to who did the Portuguese lose control of trade in the Indean Oceans?

The Dutch And to a lesser degree the English.


Who profited most from the spice trade?

The primary beneficiaries of the spice trade were European powers, particularly the Portuguese and the Dutch, who established dominant trading networks in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Dutch East India Company, in particular, gained substantial profits by monopolizing the spice markets in Southeast Asia. Local producers and indigenous populations often received minimal benefits, while European merchants and investors reaped the majority of the financial rewards. Ultimately, the spice trade significantly contributed to the wealth of European nations at the expense of local economies.