They discovered the Southern Route to the Indian ocean, via Cape Hope, established trading enclaves at Indian Ocean Ports like Macau, and enforced their trade monopoly with Cannon, Ships, and Fortifications. They were tough, able, Mariners and Traders and they broke the Spice Monopoly belonging to the Arab Traders before them.
Armed with guns and cannons the Portuguese waged war on the inhabitants of coastal towns, burned villages and overwhelmed the enemy's fleets.
During the early 1400s, the spice trade was primarily controlled by Arab and Venetian traders. They monopolized the routes and distribution networks, bringing spices from the East, particularly from regions like India and the Spice Islands, to European markets. This dominance continued until the rise of Portuguese exploration in the late 15th century, which eventually shifted control over the spice trade.
Portuguese, Dutch then English
The Dutch And to a lesser degree the English.
The primary beneficiaries of the spice trade were European powers, particularly the Portuguese and the Dutch, who established dominant trading networks in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Dutch East India Company, in particular, gained substantial profits by monopolizing the spice markets in Southeast Asia. Local producers and indigenous populations often received minimal benefits, while European merchants and investors reaped the majority of the financial rewards. Ultimately, the spice trade significantly contributed to the wealth of European nations at the expense of local economies.
dutch
dutch
Portugal lost control of the spice trade because of the Netherlands keeping them out of some of the best ports for spices.
Armed with guns and cannons the Portuguese waged war on the inhabitants of coastal towns, burned villages and overwhelmed the enemy's fleets.
Armed with guns and cannons the Portuguese waged war on the inhabitants of coastal towns, burned villages and overwhelmed the enemy's fleets.
the dutch
The moors vasco de gama discovered the spice after traveling to India
The Dutch took control of the spice trade from the Portugese in the fifteenth century.
Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch
Marco Polo and his trading company
spice trade was controlled from europ to china and beyond by sea and ground.
100 years