South Africa, which is in Africa :)
Several African countries were ruled by white minorities until the late 20th century, notably South Africa, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), and Namibia. In South Africa, apartheid policies enforced racial segregation and minority rule until the early 1990s. Rhodesia declared independence from Britain in 1965 and was governed by a white minority until it transitioned to majority rule in 1980. Namibia was under South African administration until it gained independence in 1990 after a protracted struggle.
In the 20th century, Russia was ruled by several key figures and regimes. The early part of the century was dominated by the Tsarist autocracy of Nicholas II until the Russian Revolution in 1917, which led to the establishment of a communist government. The Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin initially took power, followed by Joseph Stalin, who ruled from the late 1920s until his death in 1953. The century also saw the eventual rise of leaders like Nikita Khrushchev, Leonid Brezhnev, and Mikhail Gorbachev, each influencing the course of Soviet history until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991.
Portugal was ruled by the House of Braganza, a royal dynasty that began its reign in the early 17th century and lasted until the early 20th century. The House of Braganza played a significant role in Portuguese history, including the establishment of the Portuguese Empire. The monarchy was officially abolished in 1910, leading to the establishment of the Portuguese Republic.
Russia was the country ruled by the tsars, who were hereditary monarchs that governed from the 16th century until the early 20th century. The tsarist autocracy, particularly under rulers like Peter the Great and Catherine the Great, expanded Russia's territory and influence. The Romanov dynasty, which began in 1613, ended with the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II in 1917 during the Russian Revolution.
South Africa
Several African countries were ruled by white minorities until the late 20th century, notably South Africa, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), and Namibia. In South Africa, apartheid policies enforced racial segregation and minority rule until the early 1990s. Rhodesia declared independence from Britain in 1965 and was governed by a white minority until it transitioned to majority rule in 1980. Namibia was under South African administration until it gained independence in 1990 after a protracted struggle.
Austria and Hungary were once great powers in Europe, called the Austria-Hungary Empire in the early 20th century, The minorities of these countries were the Polish, the Croatians and the Bosnians. The empire existed until the end of WWI in 1918.
The Choson
Libya has been ruled by various countries and empires throughout its history. The most notable include the Ottoman Empire, which controlled Libya from the 16th century until the Italian invasion in 1911. Italy then ruled Libya until World War II, after which it became a British and French mandate. Libya gained independence in 1951, eventually becoming a republic under Muammar Gaddafi, who ruled from 1969 until his overthrow in 2011.
Italy was divided among different states until the 19th century: the biggest was the Kingdom of Naples in the south, ruled in the 16th century by Aragon (Spain).
Tokugawa
Britain ruled Kenya from the late 19th century until Kenya gained independence in 1963.
Porfirio Diaz (1830-1915) qualifies as such. He ruled Mexico almost continuously from 1884 until 1911.
The Muslims, or Moors, who invaded Spain from Africa, ruled all or part of the Iberian Peninsula from 711 AD until 1492.
Rome became a republic after the kings were ousted.
During the 1600s, England saw the reign of several monarchs. James I ruled from 1603 to 1625, followed by Charles I, who reigned from 1625 until his execution in 1649. The latter part of the century included the Commonwealth period under Oliver Cromwell, followed by the Restoration of Charles II in 1660, who ruled until 1685. The century concluded with James II, who ruled from 1685 until his ousting in the Glorious Revolution of 1688.
In the 20th century, Russia was ruled by several key figures and regimes. The early part of the century was dominated by the Tsarist autocracy of Nicholas II until the Russian Revolution in 1917, which led to the establishment of a communist government. The Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin initially took power, followed by Joseph Stalin, who ruled from the late 1920s until his death in 1953. The century also saw the eventual rise of leaders like Nikita Khrushchev, Leonid Brezhnev, and Mikhail Gorbachev, each influencing the course of Soviet history until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991.