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In the 20th century, Russia was ruled by several key figures and regimes. The early part of the century was dominated by the Tsarist autocracy of Nicholas II until the Russian Revolution in 1917, which led to the establishment of a communist government. The Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin initially took power, followed by Joseph Stalin, who ruled from the late 1920s until his death in 1953. The century also saw the eventual rise of leaders like Nikita Khrushchev, Leonid Brezhnev, and Mikhail Gorbachev, each influencing the course of Soviet history until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991.

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