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The Byzantines were the inheritors of Rome. After Roman Empire split, Eastern Rome became known as the Byzantine empire, after the capital city of Byzantium. The Eastern Empire would outlast Western Rome by centuries.
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What two empires did the Seljuk Turks defeat?
The Seljuk Turks notably defeated the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanian Empire. Their victory over the Byzantines culminated in the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, which significantly weakened Byzantine control in Anatolia. Additionally, they conquered the Sassanian Empire during their expansion into Persia in the 11th century, effectively ending Sassanian rule and establishing Seljuk dominance in the region.
Why did the byzantine emperors fear the seljuk Turks?
The Seljuk Turks were a large and threatening force in the Middle East during the Middle Ages, and the Byzantine Empire suffered a crippling defeat at their hands at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. Taking advantage of this victory and the ensuing turmoil within the Empire, the Turks were able to seize most of Asia Minor and remained a threat to the Byzantines for the remainder of the Empire's existence. It was, in fact, a Turkish nation that dealt the death blow to the Byzantine Empire in 1453.
Who was the group that defeated the Syrians?
It depends entirely on the time period in question. Numerous foreign groups have overrun Syria, such as the following in order:Neo-Assyrian EmpireNeo-Babylonian EmpireAchaemenid Persian EmpireMacedonian Empire of Alexander the GreatSeleucid Hellenic EmpireRoman EmpireByzantine EmpireSassanid Persian EmpireRightly-Guided Islamic CaliphateUmayyad Islamic CaliphateAbbassid Islamic CaliphateFatimid Islamic CaliphateSeljuk SultanatePrincipality of Antioch and Other Crusader StatesAyyubid Islamic CaliphateIlkhanateMamluk SultanateOttoman SultanateFrench Empire
What event caused the Crusades to start?
The cause of the Crusades was the clash between the Christian and Muslim religions. The Crusades resulted as a reaction of Muslim aggression against the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantines). The Muslims were running constant aggressive conquest campaigns on Christian lands as part of their imperialistic expansion. In 638 the Muslims conquered Jerusalem - the holy land where Jews and Christians would pilgrimage to. The Christian pilgrims to there were persecuted by the Muslims greatly. Over 60 Christian pilgrims were crucified in one short period by the Muslims. A Muslim governor of Caesarea in the 8th Century often seized pilgrims, one large group from Iconium was seized and they were all executed as spies (except for some that chose to convert to Islam instead of facing the sword). Muslims would ransack the churches if the pilgrims didn't pay protection money. Christian iconography and crosses were banned by the Muslims so many churches were pillaged and defaced. Caliph Mansur (around the 8th Century) ordered that the hands of all Christians and Jews be stamped with a distinctive symbol which helped them be 'humiliated' and identified for paying of the Jizzya (tax for being Christian). Converts to Christianity were executed (such as the ex-Muslim monk in 789). Churches and monasteries conquered by the Muslims were plundered and monks and clergy were often murdered such as Saint Theodosius monastery in Bethlehem. By the start of the 9th Century most Christians fled from their hometown to Christian cities such as Constantinople that were still under the Byzantines. In 937 during Easter celebrations, specifically Palm Sunday, Muslims rampaged through Jerusalem against the Christians and destroyed their churches including Church of Calvary and the Church of the Resurrection. It wasn't until the 960's (up to 200 years later) than the Christians actually reacted to this violence and persecution. Cities taken by force such as Crete, Cilicia, Cyprus, Antioch and even parts of Syria were reconquered by the Christians. In 974 the Muslims then launched an official offensive under Sunni Caliph Abbasid against the Byzantines. The campaign of Muslims against the Christians lasted for around 30 more years until a short ceasfire while the Muslims fought against themselves. Then at the beginning of the 11th Century the Muslims again started their offensive against the Christians under Abu 'Ali al-Mansur al-Hakim and this was taken out on the average Christian. Churches were burnt, church property was seized. Over the first 10 years of the 11th Century over 30,000 churches were destroyed by the Muslim aggressors. They even destroyed the Church of the Holy Sepulcher - the traditional site marking were Christ was buried. The Caliph ordered the tomb be destroyed. All the Christians and Jews of Jerusalem (and other Muslim territories) were forced to wear heavy crosses and wooden calves around their neck. It wasn't until 1021 that this persecution decreased. In 1056 hundreds of Christians were expelled from Jerusalem and European Christians were blocked from the pilgrimage to the city. On entering Jerusalem in 1077 3000 Jews and Christians were murdered by the Muslim invaders. Then we get to where the story you quoted began - in response to the calls for help by the Christians persecuted throughout the Middle East and former Byzantine Empire territories the Western Church sent help.
What was a result of Justinian's attempt to reunite the eastern and western halves of the old roman empire?
Justinian I did not try to reunite the eastern halves of the Roman Empire. He wanted to 'restore' the Roman Empire by reconquering the lands lost by the western part of the Roman Empire when it fell as a result of the Germanic invasions. He succeed in taking Tunisia and eastern Algeria, Italy and southern Sapin. Howeever, these territories were lost again. Justinian's army defeated the Vandals in Africa (Vandalic War, 533-534) retaking the area of the Vandalic kingdom (northern Tunisia and eastern Algeria). Then it had to fight a rebellion by the local Berbers until 548 to take southern Tunisia and western Libya. Justinian wanted to restore Africa as it had been under the Romans. The religion of the Vandals, Arian Christianity, was persecuted. Many Vandals fled Africa and some went west, to Algeria, and integrated with the local Berbers. The remaining Vandals were shipped to the east and enlisted in the imperial army. The Vandal ethnic group disappeared. This area bought great revenues for Justinian.It was conquered by the Arabs between the 670s and the 690s. Justinian's army fought the Ostrogoths in Italy in the Gothic War (535-54) which was eventually won. However, this was a very costly victory. Nineteen years of fierce fighting left some areas of northern Italy devastated and depopulated. The war depleted the resources of the empire. This and the impoverishment of Italy made it impossible for the Byzantines to oppose the invasion of northern Italy by the Lombards fifteen year later (569-72). The Lombards also took over areas of central and southern Italy. The remaining Byzantine possessions in Italy were in part of central Italy and in Apulia, Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. Justinian managed to retake most of southern Spain from the Visigoths on 559. The Visigoths retook this area sixty-five years later (n 624).
Most byzantines were of what religion?
The Byzantines followed the Orthodox branch of Christianity.
Byzantines believed that their emperor?
Byzantines believed that their emperor should represented Jesus Christ on Earth.
How did the byzantines have succsess?
Byzantines succeeded in region. He made the 6th Grade Science study guide.
Did byzantines have priests?
yes
What did people of the byzantine empire call themselves?
The Byzantines or the eastern citizens of the Roman empire considered themselves Roman.The Byzantines or the eastern citizens of the Roman empire considered themselves Roman.The Byzantines or the eastern citizens of the Roman empire considered themselves Roman.The Byzantines or the eastern citizens of the Roman empire considered themselves Roman.The Byzantines or the eastern citizens of the Roman empire considered themselves Roman.The Byzantines or the eastern citizens of the Roman empire considered themselves Roman.The Byzantines or the eastern citizens of the Roman empire considered themselves Roman.The Byzantines or the eastern citizens of the Roman empire considered themselves Roman.The Byzantines or the eastern citizens of the Roman empire considered themselves Roman.
Who invented greek fire?
the byzantines navy
Are the Byzantines heretics?
If by that you mean pagan, no they were christian.
What did the Byzantines us to defend their capital against attacks?
The Byzantines use Greek gunpowder to conquer lands and fight off enemies. They have a strong army.
Who was the first caliph who set out to conquer territory from Byzantines?
Rashidun Caliphate was the 1st caliph to set out to conquer territory from Byzantines. This happened in the year 632.
What cultures did the byzantines preserves?
The Byzantines preserved Greek culture. The other cultures in the territories of their empire were lost as they were taken over by the Arabs, Slavs and Turks.
What various method did Byzantines use to hold off their enemies?
the Byzantines used brides, diplomacy, and political marriages ,and military power to keep their enemy's at bay.
The Byzantines protected Europe from the attacks of who?
Turks Mongols
