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At the end of the 17th century, Spain became a declining empire with diminishing revenues and loss of both political and military influence -- especially against other rising powers such as France and Britain. The Bourbon Reforms (1747-1808) changed the colonial system in the Americas to that of an intendancy. These reforms were directed to increase tax revenues, but became very unpopular among the colonies as most intendants were peninsulares, or people born in Spain.

This power shift increased unrest among criollos, or people of Spanish ancestry who were born in the Americas, who ultimately attained the support of both Amerindians and mestizos (descendants of interracial marriages between Europeans and Native Americans) to wage war against Spanish rule. In Mexico and Central America, Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo (1753-1811) is considered the starter of such movement, while the South American war of independence was won by liberators Jose de San Martin (1778-1850) and Simon Bolivar (1783-1830).

When Napoleon's Army invaded both Spain and Portugal during the Peninsular Wars (1807-1814), most criollos saw the opportunity to secede from the Spanish Empire. By 1825 most of Latin America became independent, with only some last bastions in Mexico, Peru, Chile and Argentina still being loyal to the Spanish Crown. By 1833 even these were defeated, and all attempts of reconquest by Spain had been already thwarted. Finally, in 1836 the Spanish government renounced to the sovereignty over continental America, with the exception of Cuba an Puerto Rico, which were lost during the Spanish-American War (1898).

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Related Questions

When did the latin American Revolution end?

The Latin American Revolution ended in 1826.


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The revolutionaries in Latin America were encouraged by the French Revolution and the American Revolution.


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The Enlightenment The American Revolution


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Spain and Latin America


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What was the reason for the latin American Revolution?

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What inspired Latin revolutionaries?

the american revolution


Did the American Revolution have to occur?

No, the American Revolution did not have to occur. If King George 111 did not put taxes on everything he thought that the colonists might need the Revolution would not have started.


was the Latin revolution sucessful?

The Latin American revolution did not fulfill the goals of the revolution. Although they gained independence from Spain, the social construct did not change.


How many battles were fought in the Latin American Revolution?

Many battles were fought in the Latin American Revolution. In fact, 234,101,009 battles were fought until victory...


Why did American support the Latin American countries in their fight for independence?

The Americans decided to help the Latin-Americans in their fight for their independence because of the American Revolution. Latin-Americans were inspired by the American Revolution, therefore, the Americans decided to help in their fight for independence.


Who would have resisted revolution in latin American?

The intendants