Abnormal urine can have:
CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates present in it such as lactose and fructose.
Physiologically in pregnany and lactation, lactose is excreted in pregnant women.
Pathologically: if lactose is excreted in the urine, then this is due to lactose intolerance.
Glucose could be excreted in the urine in Diabetes mellitus, glucosuria, renal glycosuria etc
Fructose in essential fructosuria
Galactose in galactosemia
PROTEINS:
Ecretion of proteins in urine is due to:
1- Increase in the permeability of the glomerular capillaries as in nephrotic syndrome etc
2- Damage to the capillaries membranes as in glomerulonephritis
Following proteins can be excreted in abnormal urine:
Albumin and globulin are found in the urine in the condition called proteinuria, also in nephrotic syndrome and glomerular nephritis.
hemoglobin is excreted in urinay tract infections.
Myoglobin is excreted due to muscular atrophy etc.
Bence Jones proteins are not usually synthesised in the body. They are produced in the condition called multiple myeloma, by plasma cells.
KETONE BODIES
they are basically three chemicals viz.
All the three are the intermediates in the fats metabolism.
Increased catabolism of fats is due to
RBC/ HEMOGLOBIN
iN
BILE SALTS:
in Jaundice
BILE PIGMENTS:
in obstructive jaundice
The greatest part of urine is simply water.
Next is Nitrogenous waste (chemicals based on nitrogen) such as Urea, uric acid and creatinine
Water soluble substances that are in excess in the body, such as vitamins C and D, glucose, proteins, etc. are also excreted in the urine.
Hormones, neurotransmitters, and other body chemicals can be found in the urine.
The levels of the above can be indicative of specific pathologies.
Any substance taken in to the body might be found in the urine.
Calcium - plays a role in blood clotting
Phosphorus - for the maintenance of c id-base balance and calcium equilibrium
Chlorine - in the form of NaCl - plays a role in osmotic pressure
Magnesium - 18 parts magnesium gives rise in rate vasodilation hyperirritability of the nervous system
Iron - essential component of hemoglobin, muscle myoglobin
Copper - important in bone formation and cellular respiration
Urine is a solution of metabolic wastes that contains urea, salts, and many different organic compounds.
calcium, magnesium, sulfates, chlorides, phosphates of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and ammonium
it is composed largely of water, nitrogen wastes and some salts.
Mostly water, plus ammonia, uric acid, and other chemicals like vitamins and minerals.
Hyperproteinuria is the term for an abnormal high concentration of protein in urine.
yes it is abnormal to have amino acids in your urine
glucose
pyuria, means that pus and abnormal levels of leukocytes are present in the urine; a postitive result when testing for a urinary tract infection (UTI).
Study of cells. These are the people that scan PAP smears, biopsies, urine cultures and throat swabs looking for abnormal cells or bacteria. Hope this helps!
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Hyperproteinuria is the term for an abnormal high concentration of protein in urine.
no
blood
Urinalysis: The examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements.
Will im useing the bathroom alot
yes it is abnormal to have amino acids in your urine
glucose
Hydroureter
bilirubin
oliguria
Crystalluria is the abnormal condition of crystals in the urine.