Mental processes
Behavioral theories focus on how external stimuli shape behaviors through reinforcement and punishment, while cognitive theories emphasize internal mental processes like attention, memory, and problem-solving. Behavioral theories suggest that learning is a result of environmental conditioning, whereas cognitive theories argue that learning involves active mental processes that interpret and organize information from the environment.
Variables that affect learning include previous knowledge and experiences, motivation, learning environment, teaching methods, and individual differences in cognitive abilities. These factors can influence how effectively a person learns and retains information.
A relational hypothesis is a statement that predicts the relationship between two or more variables in a research study. It proposes how changes in one variable are expected to influence changes in another variable. It is used to test and analyze the associations between variables in a study.
National cultural variables refer to factors such as language, customs, traditions, values, and beliefs that are shared by a specific country or nation. These variables can influence various aspects of society, including communication styles, business practices, interpersonal relationships, and decision-making processes. Understanding and adapting to national cultural variables is important for effective cross-cultural communication and collaboration.
Explanatory research aims to explain the relationships between variables and phenomena by uncovering the underlying mechanisms and factors that influence outcomes. This type of research goes beyond describing a situation to understand why or how something occurs. It is often used to test hypotheses and establish causal relationships between variables.
Environmental conditions: Factors such as temperature, humidity, light, and nutrient availability can have a significant impact on a living system's function and behavior. Genetic makeup: The genetic composition of an organism plays a critical role in determining its traits, behaviors, and responses to stimuli. Interactions with other organisms: Relationships with other organisms, such as competition, predation, or mutualism, can influence a living system's development and survival.
A "controlling variable" in the context of behavior is an immediate environmental variable which has an influence on the behavioral outcome of a human (or other organism that exhibits behavioral reactivity to the environment) at a specific point in time.
Humanistic paradigm would be least likely to manipulate independent variables as it focuses on personal growth, self-awareness, and individual experiences. Humanistic approach emphasizes the uniqueness of each individual and does not involve controlling or manipulating external factors in experiments.
Direct observation of an individual's behavior in different settings, collecting data on specific behaviors of interest, and analyzing the patterns and functions of those behaviors. This information helps to understand the factors influencing the behavior and develop targeted interventions or treatment plans.
Examination anxiety, also known as test anxiety, is a feeling of stress and nervousness that some individuals experience before or during an exam. This can lead to difficulty concentrating, memory problems, and even physical symptoms such as sweating or rapid heartbeat.
Behavioral variables are the criteria or yardsticks for measuring and comparing among different individuals. The are mainly observable and measurable characteristics or responses. Agorua, Christopher Eme-eji
Water, Light(Intensity-duration-wavelength), CO2, Humidity, Wind
To eliminate the influence of uncontrolled variables during experimentation
variables and enviornment conditions are controlled
Temperature and pressure.
As it is, PHP does not have a preprocessor; it is a preprocessor that processes form variables and other environmental variables and prints HTML or general text.
Cognitive Anxiety Physiological arousal performance
Because environmental science involves costs and benefits which, as economic variables, are governed by supply and demand.