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Mental processes

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Behavioral theories focus on how external stimuli shape behaviors through reinforcement and punishment, while cognitive theories emphasize internal mental processes like attention, memory, and problem-solving. Behavioral theories suggest that learning is a result of environmental conditioning, whereas cognitive theories argue that learning involves active mental processes that interpret and organize information from the environment.

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Q: How do behavioral and cognitive theories differ in their views of how environmental variables influence learning?
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Continue Learning about Educational Theory

What are variables that affect learning?

Variables that affect learning include previous knowledge and experiences, motivation, learning environment, teaching methods, and individual differences in cognitive abilities. These factors can influence how effectively a person learns and retains information.


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Explanatory research aims to explain the relationships between variables and phenomena by uncovering the underlying mechanisms and factors that influence outcomes. This type of research goes beyond describing a situation to understand why or how something occurs. It is often used to test hypotheses and establish causal relationships between variables.


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Related questions

What is the meaning of a controlled variables?

A "controlling variable" in the context of behavior is an immediate environmental variable which has an influence on the behavioral outcome of a human (or other organism that exhibits behavioral reactivity to the environment) at a specific point in time.


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