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The two main studies of medicine are Eastern and Western.
In Western medicine cadavers were not used until Descartes influenced a major shift in thinking regarding the body, where the church could take responsibility of a person's mind/spirit and that the body was basically separate from the mind/spirit and therefore it was not sacrilegious to cut it open and exam how it works. This lead to the the concept of being capable of describing the body by its physicals properties alone. Western medicine developed most of its treatments based as a result of this thinking that basically separated the body and mind and allowed for dissection to study the internal organs.
In Eastern (or Asian) Medicine like Ayurvedic, Thai Nuad Bo-Rarn, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the concept of the unity of the body and mind/spirit forbade them from doing dissection so they developed their concepts from observing living bodies. However, if they ever came across a dead body, like one that died from natural causes and was available for viewing as it decomposed. that was not against their beliefs. For example if they found a body that drowned, they would observe it as it decayed as nature decomposed the body. They did learn about the internal organs in 'natural' dissection.
So, I would say that seeing the insides of human bodies for the study of medicine is important, but the way that the procedure is undertaken depends on the cultural views of those doing the studies.
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