It depends on what state you are in and if your mother has legal custody. In many states, she can assign a temporary guardian for the few months left until you turn 18. However, if your father objects to this, even without custody, it can still lead to complications.
Only Texas has that law, but with significant restrictions. In all other states, it's a case by case basis, with the Judge interpreting the maturity of the child, and their intent, but this still does not override other evidence in the child's best interest. It's just a piece of the evidence.
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If you live in the US, no, she can't just decide that on her own. Mom either has to agree to it or you have to petition the court for a change of custody.
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You need a letter from the other parent giving permission. Otherwise you risk having difficulty either leaving or returning.
Yes you can. The legal guardian decides.
If your father have visitation right or share custody she will need his permission.
Not without his fathers and the courts permission.
If you have custody and the father keeps the child with him without your permission you can call the police for kidnapping.
yes he can.
She needs the permission of the father and/or the court.
No , not usually.Don't do it without permission or you may get your Dad in trouble.
It is illegal.
She can move with his and the courts permission.
im assuming that there wasnt ever any custody case so no you dont need any permission. but if you or him have gone to court for any type of custody then you will need permission
yes if she has full custody