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We do not have first-hand information from the Inca people about the beginnings

of their empire because the Inca did not have a written language. People who

study the Inca civilization have pieced together information from different

sources. They believe that the Inca people started living in the Cuzco Valley in

A.D. 1100.

By the early 1400s, the Inca empire still reached only 20 miles beyond the capital

city of Cuzco. Rulers Viracocha Inca, and later his son, Pachacuti Inca,

increased the size of the Inca empire through conquest. From the 1400s to the

early 1500s, the empire grew and developed.

After a civil war in the Inca empire, the triumphant ruler Atahualpa agreed to

meet with a Spanish explorer named Francisco Pizarro. This was in the year

1532.

Instead of the peaceful meeting Atahualpa expected, the Spaniards took him

captive. Atahualpa tried to meet the Spaniards' demands for silver and gold, but

he was killed in 1533. The Inca army fought the Spaniards but lost the war in

1536. Inca warriors continued to fight the Spaniards. When the last Inca leader

was killed in 1572, the Inca empire was officially over. Like the Aztecs, many

inhabitants of the Inca empire died as a result of the diseases the explorers

unknowingly brought with them. The Spaniards forced the Inca to convert to

Christianity.

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Q: The rise and fall of the Inca empires?
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the incas were in a civil war


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