First Generation (1940-1956) Vacuum Tubes Sponsored
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The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums formemory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.
First generation computers relied on machine language, the lowest-level programming language understood by computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time. Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts.
The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices. The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered to a business client, the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951. Second Generation (1956-1963) TransistorsTransistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers. The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computers until the late 1950s. The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors. Though the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that subjected the computer to damage, it was a vast improvement over the vacuum tube. Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output.
Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words. High-level programming languages were also being developed at this time, such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN. These were also the first computers that stored their instructions in their memory, which moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic core technology.
The first computers of this generation were developed for the atomic energy industry. Third Generation (1964-1971) Integrated CircuitsThe development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.
Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitorsand interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory. Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors. Fourth Generation (1971-Present) MicroprocessorsThe microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer-from the central processing unit and memory to input/output controls-on a single chip.
In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh. Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of desktop computers and into many areas of life as more and more everyday products began to use microprocessors.
As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handhelddevices. Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond) Artificial IntelligenceFifth generation computing devices, based on Artificial Intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. Quantum computation and molecular and Nanotechnology will radically change the face of computers in years to come. The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.
DID YOU KNOW...?
An integrated circuit (IC) is a small electronic device made out of a semiconductor material. The first integrated circuit was developed in the 1950s by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor.
Most of the BANKS works on Mainframes which generally uses UNIX operating systems. But a BANK can use UNIX and flavours of LINUX (which is a UNIX flavor) and Windows Server ...
what are the 5 components of a modern operating system
name and explain five categories of opareting system
According to my Knowledge there are 3 most common operating systems they are1) Symbian OS (WWW.SYMBIAN.COM)2) Windows Mobile (Currently version 6.0)3) Palm OSNearly all the high end Nokia and Sony Ericsson mobiles run on Symbian OS.(Smartphones and PDA's)All the other normal phones or non-smartphones have a proprietary operating system i.e. built within the mobile companies or bought from third parties.
The five major achievements of operating system are in the areas of Process Memmory Management Information protection and security Scheduling and Resource management System Structure
assemblers operating systems structured programming time sharing HTML spreadsheets, word processors java c++ fortran/cobol
assemblers operating systems structured programming time sharing HTML spreadsheets, word processors java c++ fortran/cobol
Most of the BANKS works on Mainframes which generally uses UNIX operating systems. But a BANK can use UNIX and flavours of LINUX (which is a UNIX flavor) and Windows Server ...
Your credit history is simply the period of time you have had open lines of credit. Say you had five credit cards and you kept them each for exactly one year and then closed each of them. You would have five credit years of history but most scoring systems would see that as one year of credit history. If you had one credit card account for one year and another for the subsequent year and so on for five years, you would also have five years of credit history, but, again, scoring systems would still see that as (more or less) one year of credit history. Now, if you had one credit card for five years, then the scoring systems would definitely see that as five yeas of credit history. So, creditors and scoring systems look at how long you have maintained each line of credit and the longer the better.
According to NetApplications, in October 2008, the most-used operating systems are as follows: 1. Windows XP (68.1%) 2. Windows Vista (19.3%) 3. Mac OS X (8.2%) 4. Windows 2000 (1.7%) 5. Linux (0.7%) The main five families of operating systems are: 1. Windows 2. Mac OS X 3. Linux 4. FreeBSD 5. SunOS
1.OSX Leopard 2.Solaris 10 3.Fedora 9 4.Ubuntu 8.04 5.Windows XP
There are many different generations of each iPod. With many different models, the most popular is the iPod Touch, which has had five generations.
first,second,thirdfourth and fifth generation
what are the 5 components of a modern operating system
As of January 24th, 2010, there have been five.
Buck knife is refered to as a hunting knife. It was created by the American knife manufacturer which was founded in San Diego, California. The company has a long history though five generations.
However many generations they wish. In general it cannot be more than four or five due to the Rule of Perpetuities.