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What countries had limits under Kyoto protocol?

Updated: 8/21/2019
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Binding targets applied to many developed nations between 2008 and 2013. The second commitment period runs from 2013 to 2020 and covers only 37 developed nations: The 37 parties with binding targets in the second commitment period are Australia, the 28 member states of the European Union, Belarus, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, and Ukraine.

The world's second largest emitter signed the treaty but did not ratify it (the United States), while the country that recently eclipsed the US as the world's largest carbon emitter (China) is not bound by the treaty's limits.

About 30% of the current atmospheric CO2 was produced by human activity, and most of that was released by the industrial nations. On that basis it was determined the industrial nations should therefore take a leading role in curbing emissions.

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Q: What countries had limits under Kyoto protocol?
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