I'm almost positive that is was the trans-Saharan trade routes.
tyy
Developed great civilizations without major influence from western Europe
It became the most powerful Western African empire of its time.
Developed great civilizations without major influence from western Europe
adoption of scholarship from Muslim civilizations (1000-1450)
Both the Maya and Songhai empires were advanced civilizations known for their impressive architectural achievements and complex societies. They both developed sophisticated writing systems and had strong centralized governments. Additionally, both empires engaged in long-distance trade and were known for their advancements in art, science, and technology.
oil
the western sahara
The west African kingdoms like Ghana, Mali and Songhai experienced prosperity through the trade of gold and salt which was of high value back then.
The Western region of Africa.
From 300AD-1600AD
Eastern Mali, western Niger, or northern Benin.
The Songhai Empire (also transliterated as Songhay) was a state that dominated the western Sahel in the 15th and 16th century. Its capital was Gao.