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The short answer is the larger the ice cube the slower it cools water.

Whats really going on has to do with the surface area of the ice in relation to the total mass of the ice. Meaning one large cube will cool water faster than one small cube, however many small cubes will cool faster than one large cube. Unfortunately I can't remember (or readily find) the formula that demonstrates this principle, but suffice it to say the more surface area you can get exposed to the water the faster it will cool. Example: two glasses filled with equal amounts of water at room temperature, take two ice cubes of equal size place one in the first glass, crush the second and place it in the second glass. The second glass will cool faster than the first with the one large cube.

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Q: What effect does ice cube size have on the cooling rate of water?
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